UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON,Washington, D.C. 20549

 

SCHEDULE 14A

(Rule 14a-101)

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

 

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Preliminary Proxy Statement

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Definitive Proxy Statement

Definitive Additional Materials

Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12§240.14a-12

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Not applicable.

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Thanother than the Registrant)

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PRELIMINARY PROXY MATERIALS – STATEMENT —

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.APRIL 7, 2023

One Kendall Square, Suite B7201

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

April [    ], 20182023

Dear Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders on Tuesday, June 12, 2018,6, 2023, beginning at 4:10:00 p.m.a.m., Eastern time, via the Internet at our headquartersa virtual web conference at One Kendall Square, Suite B7201, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9. The enclosed noticeNotice of annual meetingAnnual Meeting of stockholdersStockholders sets forth the proposals that will be presented at the meeting, which are described in more detail in the enclosed proxy statement. Our board of directors recommends that you vote “FOR” each of the director nominees in Proposal 1 “FOR” Proposal 2 (“say-on-pay”)(Gary L. Crocker, Eric D. Andersen, Noah G. Levy, Ulrik B. Nielsen and Ana Radeljevic), “FOR” Proposal 32 (ratification of our independent auditors) and “FOR” Proposal 4 (approval3 (the approval of an increasethe adoption of the amendment of the Section 382 Rights Agreement extending the term of the 382 Rights Agreement through December 2, 2025).

For the convenience of our stockholders and to support the health and well-being of our stockholders, officers and directors in light of the numbercontinuing risk of authorizedCOVID-19, our annual meeting will be a “virtual meeting” of stockholders, which will be conducted exclusively via the Internet at a virtual web conference. There will not be a physical meeting location, and stockholders will not be able to attend the annual meeting in person. This means that you can attend the annual meeting online, vote your shares during the online meeting and submit questions during the online meeting by visiting the above-mentioned Internet site. In light of common stock).the public health and safety concerns related to COVID-19, we believe that hosting a “virtual meeting” will enable greater stockholder attendance and participation from any location around the world.

We look forwardYour vote is important. Whether or not you plan to seeingattend the annual meeting online, please vote as soon as possible. Voting by proxy will ensure your representation at the virtual meeting if you there.do not attend online. Please review the instructions on the proxy card regarding your voting options.

Very truly yours,

Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D.Gary L. Crocker

President and Chief Executive Officer


PRELIMINARY PROXY MATERIALS – SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

One Kendall Square, Suite B7201Broadway, 14th Floor

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139MA 02142

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

to be held on Tuesday, June 12, 20186, 2023

The 20182023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual“2023 Annual Meeting”) of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merrimack” or the “Company”), will be held on Tuesday, June 12, 2018,6, 2023, at 4:10:00 p.m.a.m., Eastern time, via the Internet at our headquartersa virtual web conference at One Kendall Square, Suite B7201, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9, to consider and act upon the following matters:

1.

To elect sevenfive directors for a one year term, to hold office until the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders;

2.

To hold a non-binding, advisory vote on executive compensation;

3.

To ratify the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;2023;

4.

3.

To approve an amendmentthe First Amendment to our certificateSection 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of incorporation to increaseDecember 3, 2022, by and between the numberCompany and Computershare Trust Company, N.A extending the term of authorized shares of common stock from 20,000,000 to 30,000,000;the Section 382 Rights Agreement dated December 3, 2019 (the “382 Rights Agreement”) through December 2, 2025; and

5.

4.

To transact such other business as may properly come before the 2023 Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

For the convenience of our stockholders and in light of the continuing risk of COVID-19, for health and well-being of our stockholders, officers and directors, we have determined that the 2023 Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, via the Internet, with no physical in-person meeting. At our virtual 2023 Annual Meeting, stockholders will be able to attend, vote and submit questions by visiting www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9. If you are a registered stockholder, you do not need to register to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Notice”) or proxy card that you received. If you hold shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting virtually. In order to register in advance you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on June 5, 2023. Requests for registration should be directed to Computershare at the following:

By email: Forward the email from your broker, or attach an image of your legal proxy, to legalproxy@computershare.com

By mail: Computershare

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

Upon completing your registration, you will receive further instructions via email, including your unique links that will allow you access to the meeting and will also permit you to submit questions. Please be sure to follow instructions found on your Notice, proxy card and/or voting instruction form and subsequent instructions that will be delivered to you via email. Further information about how to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting online, vote your shares online during the meeting and submit questions during the meeting is included in the accompanying proxy statement.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you expect to be virtually present, please sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card in the pre-addressed envelope provided for that purpose as promptly as possible. No postage is required if mailed in the United States. In addition to mailing in your proxy card, you may submit a proxy over the Internet or by telephone. The instructions for submitting a proxy over the Internet or by telephone are provided on your proxy card.


Stockholders of record at the close of business on April 17, 2018[    ], 2023 will be entitled to notice of and to vote at the 2023 Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. This Notice, the accompanying Proxy Statementproxy statement and a form of proxy card are being mailed beginning on or about April [    ], 20182023 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the 2023 Annual Meeting.

A complete list of registered stockholders will be available to stockholders of record during the 2023 Annual Meeting for examination using the unique link provided via email following the completion of registration.

The virtual meeting is fully supported across browsers and devices running the most up-to-date version of applicable software and plug-ins. We encourage you to access the meeting prior to the 10:00 a.m. start time. For further assistance should you need it you may call 1-888-724-2416.

By Order of the Board of Directors,

Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D.Gary L. Crocker

President and Chief Executive Officer

Cambridge, Massachusetts

April [    ], 2018

YOU MAY OBTAIN ADMISSION TO THE ANNUAL MEETING BY IDENTIFYING YOURSELF AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AS A STOCKHOLDER AS OF THE RECORD DATE. IF YOU ARE A RECORD OWNER, POSSESSION OF A COPY OF A PROXY CARD WILL BE ADEQUATE IDENTIFICATION. IF YOU ARE A BENEFICIAL (BUT NOT RECORD) OWNER, A COPY OF AN ACCOUNT STATEMENT FROM YOUR BANK, BROKER OR OTHER NOMINEE SHOWING SHARES HELD FOR YOUR BENEFIT ON APRIL 17, 2018 WILL BE ADEQUATE IDENTIFICATION.2023

WHETHER OR NOT YOU EXPECT TO ATTEND THE 2023 ANNUAL MEETING ONLINE, PLEASE COMPLETE, DATE AND SIGN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD AND MAIL IT PROMPTLY IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE IN ORDER TO HELP ENSURE REPRESENTATION OF YOUR SHARES AT THE 2023 ANNUAL MEETING. NO POSTAGE NEED BE AFFIXED IF THE PROXY CARD IS MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES. ALTERNATIVELY, YOU MAY SUBMIT YOUR VOTE VIAPROXY OVER THE INTERNET OR BY TELEPHONE BY FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS SET FORTH ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD.

FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT HOW TO ATTEND THE 2023 ANNUAL MEETING ONLINE, VOTE YOUR SHARES ONLINE DURING THE MEETING AND SUBMIT QUESTIONS DURING THE MEETING IS INCLUDED IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY STATEMENT.


Table of Contents

 

Page

Information About the Annual Meeting and

1

Important Information About Voting

1

2

Votes Required

4

Recommendations of the Board of Directors

2

4

Corporate Governance

4

6

Board of Directors

4

6

How Our Board Is Organized

7

8

Board Committees

8

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

9

10

Board Meetings and Attendance

10

11

Board Processes

10

11

Board Policies

13

Cooperation Agreement

13

Executive Compensation

15

ExecutivesExecutive Officers

15

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

15

16

Organization and Compensation Committee Report

25

Risk Considerations in Our Compensation Program

26

Limits on Hedging and Pledging

26

Tax and Accounting Considerations

26

Summary Compensation Table

27

2017 Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

29

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2017 Year End

30

2017 Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table

31

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

31

Employment Agreements

15

32

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

33

Pension Benefits

34

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

34

401(k) Plan

34

15

CEO Pay RatioVersus Performance

34

16

Director Compensation

35

17

Compensation for 20172022

35

17

Director Compensation Arrangements

36

18

Audit-Related Matters

37

19

Audit Committee Report

37

19

Audit Fees and Services

37

19

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

37

19

Matters to Be Voted On

39

20

Proposal 1: Election of Directors

39

20

Proposal 2: Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

39

Proposal 3: Ratification of Independent Auditors

40

20

Proposal 4: Approval3: Vote to Extend the Term of an Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to Increase the Number of Authorized Shares of Common Stock382 Rights Agreement

40

20

Stock Ownership and Reporting

42

27

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

42

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

27

44

Other Matters

45

30

Solicitation of Proxies

45

30

Householding of Annual Meeting Materials

45

30

Deadline for Submission of Stockholder Proposals for 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

45

30

Annex A -    Section 382 Rights Agreement dated December 3, 2019

Annex B -    First Amendment to Section 382 Rights Agreement dated December 2, 2022


MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

One Kendall Square, Suite B7201Broadway, 14th Floor

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139MA 02142

PROXY STATEMENT FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON TUESDAY, JUNE  12, 20186, 2023

Information About the Annual Meeting and Voting

This proxy statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the board of directors (the “board of directors” or the “board”) of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Merrimack,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) for use at the 20182023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting” or the “2023 Annual Meeting”) to be held on Tuesday, June 12, 2018,6, 2023, at 4:10:00 p.m.a.m., Eastern time, via the Internet at our headquartersa virtual web conference at One Kendall Square, Suite B7201, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9, and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. On April 17, 2018,[    ], 2023, the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting, there were outstanding and entitled to vote an aggregate of [        ] shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“common stock”). Each share of common stock entitles the record holder thereof to one vote on each of the matters to be voted on at the Annual Meeting.

For the convenience of our stockholders and to support the health and well-being of our stockholders, officers and directors in light of the continuing risk of COVID-19, our 2023 Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting of stockholders where stockholders will participate by accessing a website using the Internet. There will not be a physical meeting location. In light of the public health and safety concerns related to COVID-19, we believe that hosting a virtual meeting will facilitate stockholder attendance and participation at our 2023 Annual Meeting by enabling stockholders to participate remotely from any location around the world. We have designed the virtual Annual Meeting to provide the same rights and opportunities to participate as stockholders would have at an in-person meeting, including the right to vote and ask questions through the virtual meeting platform.

We will host the Annual Meeting live online via webcast. You may attend the Annual Meeting live online by visiting www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9.

If you are a registered stockholder, you do not need to register to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting virtually on the Internet. Please follow the instructions on the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Notice”) or proxy card that you received. If you hold shares through an intermediary, such as a bank or broker, you must register in advance to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting virtually. In order to register in advance you must submit proof of your proxy power (legal proxy) reflecting your Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on June 5, 2023. Requests for registration should be directed to Computershare at the following:

By email: Forward the email from your broker, or attach an image of your legal proxy, to legalproxy@computershare.com

By mail: Computershare

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

Upon completing your registration, you will receive further instructions via email, including your unique links that will allow you access to the meeting. Please be sure to follow instructions found on your Notice, proxy card and/or voting instruction form and subsequent instructions that will be delivered to you via email.

The webcast will start at 10:00 a.m., Eastern time, on June 6, 2023. Instructions on how to attend and participate in the meeting online will be sent to you via email, upon completing your registration.

We will have technicians standing by and ready to assist you with any technical difficulties you may have accessing the virtual meeting starting at 10:00 a.m., Eastern time, on June 6, 2023. If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during registration or at the time of the virtual meeting, please contact technical support by following the instructions provided to you upon registration for the Annual Meeting.

If you wish to submit a question on the day of the Annual Meeting, beginning at 9:45 a.m., Eastern time, on June 6, 2023, you may log into, and ask a question on, the virtual meeting platform using the unique link provided to you via email following the completion of your registration, and follow the instructions there. Our virtual meeting will be governed by our rules of conduct and procedures which will be posted at www.edocumentview.com/MACK in advance of the meeting. The rules of conduct and procedures will address the ability of stockholders to ask questions during the meeting, including rules on permissible topics, and rules for how questions and comments will be recognized and disclosed to meeting participants.

This proxy statement, the enclosed proxy card and our 2017 annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 are being mailed beginning on or about April [    ], 2023 to all stockholders were first madeentitled to vote at the 2023 Annual Meeting. A complete list of registered stockholders will be available to stockholders on or about [                ], 2018.of record during the 2023 Annual Meeting for examination using the unique link provided via email following the completion of registration.

Your vote is important no matter how many shares you own. Please take the time to vote. Take a moment to read the instructions below. Choose the way to vote that is easiest and most convenient for you, and cast your vote as soon as possible.

Important Information About Voting

If you are the “record holder” of your shares, meaning that you own your shares in your own name and not through a bank, broker or other nominee, you may votecause your shares to be voted in one of fourthe following ways:

(1)

To vote using the proxy card, simply complete, sign and date the accompanying proxy card and return it promptly in the envelope provided.If you return your signed proxy card to us before the Annual Meeting, we will vote your shares as you direct.

 

(2)

(1)

You mayTo vote over the Internet. You may vote your shares by followingInternet, follow the “Vote by Internet” instructions on the enclosedaccompanying proxy card. If you vote over the Internet, you donot need to vote by telephone or complete and mail your proxy card.card or vote your proxy by telephone.

(3)

(2)

You mayTo vote by telephone. You may vote your shares by followingtelephone, follow the “Vote by Phone” instructions on the enclosedaccompanying proxy card. If you vote by telephone, you do not needto vote over the Internet or complete and mail your proxy card.card or vote your proxy over the Internet.

(4)

(3)

You may vote by mail. You may vote by completing, dating and signing the proxy card delivered with this proxy statement and promptly mailing it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. If you vote by mail, you do not needIn order to vote over the Internet or by telephone.

(4)

You may vote in person. If you attend the Annual Meeting online and vote online during the Annual Meeting, you may votemust be a registered holder or register in advance by deliveringsubmitting proof of your completed proxy card in person or you may vote by completing a ballotpower (legal proxy) reflecting your Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. holdings along with your name and email address to Computershare. Requests for registration must be labeled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on June 5, 2023. Requests for registration should be directed to Computershare at the Annual Meeting. Ballots will be available at the Annual Meeting.following:

By email: Forward the email from your broker, or attach an image of your legal proxy, to legalproxy@computershare.com

By mail: Computershare

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Legal Proxy

P.O. Box 43001

Providence, RI 02940-3001

You may vote your shares online while virtually attending the Annual Meeting by following instructions found on your Notice, proxy card and/or voting instruction form and subsequent instructions that will be delivered to you via email. If you vote by proxy prior to the 2023 Annual Meeting and choose to attend the 2023 Annual Meeting online, there is no need to vote again during the 2023 Annual Meeting unless you wish to change your vote.

All proxies that are executed or are otherwise submitted over the Internet or by telephone will be voted on the matters set forth in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders in accordance with the stockholders’ instructions. However, if no choice is specified on aan executed or otherwise submitted proxy card as to one or more of the proposals, the proxy will be voted in accordance with our board of directors’ recommendations on such proposals as set forth in this proxy statement.

If you receive multiple proxy statements or proxy cards, your shares are likely registered differently or are in more than one account, such as individually and also jointly with your spouse. Please vote each and every proxy card or voting instruction form you receive.

After you have submitted a proxy, you may still change your vote and revoke your proxy prior to the Annual Meeting by doing any one of the following things:

submitting a new proxy by following the “Vote by Internet” or “Vote by Phone” instructions on the enclosed proxy card up until 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, the day before the Annual Meeting;

signing another proxy card with a later date and either arranging for delivery of that proxy card by mail prior to the start of the Annual Meeting, or by delivering that signed proxy card in person at the2023 Annual Meeting;

giving our Corporate Secretary a written notice before the 2023 Annual Meeting that you want to revoke your proxy; or

1


 

giving our Corporate Secretary a written notice before or at the Annual Meeting that you want to revoke your proxy; or

voting in person atonline while attending the virtual 2023 Annual Meeting.

Your attendance at the virtual 2023 Annual Meeting alone will not revoke your proxy.

If the shares you own are held in “street name” by a bank, broker or other nominee record holder, which, for convenience, we collectively refer to in this proxy statement as brokerage firms, your brokerage firm, as the record holder of your shares, is required to vote your shares according to your instructions. In order to votefor your shares to be voted, you will need to follow the directions your brokerage firm provides you. Many brokerage firms also offer the option of providing for voting instructions over the Internet or by telephone, instructionsdirections for which, if available, would be provided by your brokerage firm on the voting instruction form that it delivers to you. Under applicable stock exchange rules, if you do not give instructions to your brokerage firm subject to these rules, it will still be able to vote your shares with respect to certain “discretionary” items, but will not be allowed to vote your shares with respect to certain “non-discretionary”“non-discretionary” items. The ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm (Proposal 3) and the approval of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock (Proposal 4) are2), is considered to be discretionary items,a “discretionary” item, and your brokerage firm will be able to vote on those itemswith respect to that proposal even if it does not receive instructions from you, so long as it holds your shares in its name. The election of directors (Proposal 1), and the non-binding, advisory vote on executive compensation, or “say-on-pay” voteamendment of the Section 382 Rights Agreement to extend the 382 Rights Agreement through December 2, 2025 (Proposal 2),3) are “non-discretionary”each “non-discretionary” items, meaning that if you do not instruct your brokerage firm on how to vote with respect to eitherany of these proposals, your brokerage firm will not vote with respect to that proposal and your shares will be counted as “broker non-votes.” “Broker non-votes” are shares that are held in “street name” by a brokerage firm that indicates on its proxy that it does not have or did not exercise discretionary authority to vote on a particular matter.

If your shares are held in street name, you must bring an account statement from Please instruct your brokerage firm showinghow to vote your shares using the voting instruction form provided by your brokerage firm or following any instructions provided by your brokerage firm for submitting a proxy for your shares over the Internet or telephonically, if available. You must request a legal proxy from your bank, broker or other nominee record holder in order to vote during the 2023 Annual Meeting. In addition, you will need your control number included on your Notice, proxy card or voting instruction form in order to demonstrate proof of beneficial ownership and to be able to vote during the 2023 Annual Meeting. Instructions on how to attend and participate online, including how to demonstrate proof of stock ownership, are posted at www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9.

Stockholders that you are the beneficial owner of the sharesowned stock in “street name” as of the record date (April 17, 2018) in order to be admitted to[    ], 2023) may virtually attend the 2023 Annual Meeting. To be able toMeeting and vote your shares heldonline while attending the meeting with your control number included on your voting instruction form and following the link included in street name at the Annual Meeting, you will need to obtain a proxy card from the holder of record.your voting instruction form.

Votes Required

The holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the 2023 Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the 2023 Annual Meeting. Shares of common stock represented in person or by proxy (including “broker non-votes” and shares that abstain or do not vote with respect to one or more but less than all of the matters presented for stockholder approval) will be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum is present at the 2023 Annual Meeting. Shares present virtually during the 2023 Annual Meeting will be considered shares of common stock represented in person at the meeting. The following votes are required for approval of the proposals being presented at the 2023 Annual Meeting:

Proposal 1: Election of Directors.A nominee will be elected as a director at the 2023 Annual Meeting if the nominee receives a plurality of the votescast “FOR” the applicable seat on our board of directors.

Proposal 2: Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation, or “Say-on-Pay.” This proposal calls for a non-binding, advisory vote, and accordingly there is no “required vote” that would constitute approval. However, our board, including our organization and compensation committee, values the opinions of our stockholders and, to the extent there are a substantial number of votes cast against the executive officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will consider our stockholders’ concerns and evaluate what actions may be appropriate to address those concerns.

Proposal 3: Ratification of Independent Auditors.The affirmative vote of the holders of shares of common stock representing a majority of thevotes cast on the matter is required for the ratification of the selection of Marcum LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year.

Proposal 3: Approval of the Amendment to the Section 382 Rights Agreement. The affirmative vote of the holders of shares of common stock representing a majority of the votes cast on the matter is required for the ratificationapproval of the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year.

2


Proposal 4: Approval of an Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation to Increase the Number of Authorized Shares of Common Stock. The affirmative voteamendment of the holders of a majoritySection 382 Rights Agreement to extend the term of the shares of our common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is required for approval of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock.382 Rights Agreement through December 2, 2025.

Shares that abstain from voting as to a particular matter on properly executed proxy cards and shares held in “street name” by brokerage firms who indicate on their proxies that they do not have discretionary authority to vote such shares as to a particular matter will not be counted as votes in favor of such matter, and will also not be counted as shares voting on such matter. Accordingly, abstentions and “broker non-votes” will have no effect on the voting on Proposals 1, 2 and 3 referenced above. Proposal 4 is a “discretionary” item, so if

Recommendations of the Board of Directors

Our board unanimously recommends that you vote your shares are held in “street name” and you do not provide votingaccordance with the instructions with respect to your shares, your brokerage firm may vote your unvoted shares on Proposal 4. If you abstain from voting on Proposal 4, your shares will not be voted for or against the proposal. Because Proposal 4 requiresproxy card as follows:

“FOR” the affirmative voteelection of the holders of a majorityfive directors nominated by our board as set forth in this proxy statement;

“FOR” the ratification of the sharesselection of Marcum LLP as our common stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote atindependent registered public accounting firm for the Annual Meeting, abstentions will havefiscal year ending December 31, 2023;

“FOR” the same effect as votes against this proposal.approval of the adoption of the First Amendment of the Section 382 Rights Agreement extending the terms of the Section 382 Rights Agreement through December 2, 2025.

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for

the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to Be Held on June 12, 2018:6, 2023:

This proxy statement and our 2017 annual report to stockholdersAnnual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 are available at

www.proxyvote.comwww.meetnow.global/MLJULM9 for viewing, downloading and printing.

A copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 20172022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, except for exhibits, will be furnished without charge to any stockholder upon written or oral request to Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,MA 02142, Attention: Corporate Secretary, Telephone: (617) 441-1000.720-8606, Email: info@merrimack.com.

3


CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors

MembersBiographies of Our Board of Directorsthe Director Nominees

Set forth below are the names and certain information about each of our directorsdirector nominees as of April 17, 2018.[__], 2023. The information presented includes each director’sindividual’s principal occupation and business experience for the past five years and the names of other public companies of which he or she has served as a director during the past five years. We believe that all of our directorsdirector nominees possess the attributes and characteristics described in “—Board Processes—Director Nomination Process.”

 

Name

Age

Position

Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D. (4)

55

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Gary L. Crocker (2)(4)

66

71

Chairman of the Board,

President and Treasurer

GeorgeEric D. Demetri, M.D. Andersen (2)(3)(4)

61

45

Director

John M. Dineen (3)Noah G. Levy (1)(4)

55

45

Director

Vivian S. Lee, M.D., Ph.D. (1)(3)

51

Director

Ulrik B. Nielsen, Ph.D. (1)(2)(3)(5)

46

51

Director

Michael E. Porter, Ph.D. (2)(4)Ana Radeljevic (1)(5)

43Director

 

70

Director

James H. Quigley (1)

66

Director

Russell T. Ray (1)

70

Director

(1)

Member of the audit committee.

(2)

Member of the corporate governance and nominating committee.

(3)

Member of the organization and compensation committee.

(4)

Member of the executivestrategy and expense committee.

(5)

Member of the 382 exemption committee.

Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D. has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors since February 2017. Prior to joining us, Dr. Peters served in various capacities at Sanofi Genzyme, a global pharmaceutical company, since 2008, including as Senior Vice President, Head of Global Rare Diseases Business Unit since January 2015, Vice President, Strategy Development Officer, U.S. Rare Disease Unit from May 2014 to December 2014, Vice President, Division Medical Officer, Global Oncology Division from 2011 to May 2014, and Vice President, Head of Global and U.S. Medical Affairs, Hematology and Transplant from 2008 to 2011. Prior to Sanofi Genzyme, Dr. Peters held medical affairs roles at Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Amgen Inc., both pharmaceutical companies, and was a co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Mednav, Inc., a healthcare information technology company. Dr. Peters has also served on the faculty at Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Peters holds an M.D. and a Ph.D. in pharmacology from the Medical University of South Carolina and a B.S. from the College of Charleston. We believe that Dr. Peters is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his extensive leadership experience in oncology and specialty care, his extensive knowledge of our industry and his medical oncology expertise.

Gary L. Crockerhas served as a member of our board of directors since 2004, and as Chairman of the Board since 2005.2005 and as President andTreasurer since June 2019. Mr. Crocker also served as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017.2017 and was responsible for the negotiation of the sale of ONIVYDE to Ipsen S.A. Since 2002, Mr. Crocker has served as President and Managing Director of Crocker Ventures, LLC, a privately-held life science investment firm funding differentiated biotechnology and medical device companies. Mr. Crocker has held senior executive positions or served on the board of directors of several life science companies, including as Chairman of the Board of ARUP Laboratories, co-founder and director of Theratech, Inc. (acquired by Actavis plc) and President, Chief Executive Officer and founder of Research Medical, Inc. (acquired by Baxter International). Mr. Crocker also served on the boards of directors of the publicly traded firms Interleuken Genetics, Inc. and The Med-Design Corporation. Mr. Crocker served as a member of the board of the Federal Reserve Branch of San Francisco from 1999 to 2007, and currently serves as the Chairman of the University of Utah’s Center for Medical Innovation and on the board of the Sorenson Legacy Foundation.Foundation and as Chairman of the Board of Nexus Spine. Mr. Crocker holds an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a B.S. from Harvard College. We believe that Mr. Crocker is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience in the life sciences industry as an entrepreneur, venture capitalist and executive and his service on the boards of directors of a range of public and private companies and government institutions, as well as his ability to provide us with his expertise in diagnostics and therapeutic development.

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GeorgeEric D. Demetri, M.D.Andersen has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2017. Since 1986, Dr. DemetriSeptember 2019. Mr. Andersen has been a managing member/portfoliomanager at Western Standard, LLC, an investment firm, since June 2008. Prior to that, Mr. Andersen served as an analyst at Ivory Capital and JCK Partners, both investment firms, from 2006 to 2008 and 2004 to 2006, respectively; an associate in the private equity group at J.P. Morgan Partners, LLC from 2002 to 2004; and an analyst, mergers and acquisitions, at The Blackstone Group, an investment firm, from 2000 to 2002. Mr. Andersen holds a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical SchoolB.A. from Dartmouth College and as a Physician-Scientist Faculty Member at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Dr. Demetri leads a multidisciplinary team at the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center focused on developing novel therapies for solid tumors, with an emphasis on sarcomas. Dr. Demetri’s research and clinical interests have centered on mechanism-based drug development for solid tumors, and he is a world-renowned expert in the clinical translation of innovative treatment strategies for cancer. Dr. Demetri has contributed to the development of numerous approved therapies, including Gleevec (imatinib), Sutent (sunitinib), Stivarga (regorafenib), Zelboraf (vemurafenib) and Votrient (pazopanib), as well as other new targeted therapies in development. Dr. Demetri also currently serves on the board of directors and scientific advisory board of Blueprint Medicines Corporation. Dr. Demetri holds an M.D. from Stanford University School of Medicine and an A.B. from Harvard College.CFA Charterholder. We believe that Dr. DemetriMr. Andersen is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his more than 25 years ofinvestment management experience as an oncologist and his significant leadership experience on a board of directorsstrong financial and on various scientific and editorial advisory boards.business acumen.

John M. DineenNoah G. Levy has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2015.September 2019. Mr. DineenLevy has been a managing member and portfoliomanager at Newtyn Management, LLC, an Operating Advisor to Clayton, Dublier & Rice, LLC, a private equityinvestment firm, since January 2015. From 1986June 2011.

Prior to October 2014,that, Mr. DineenLevy served inas a variety of leadership roles with General Electric Company, or GE, includingsenior member at Tyndall Management, LLC, an investment firm, from 2002 to 2011, and as Chief Executive Officer of GE Healthcare, Chief Executive Officer of GE Transportation, President of GE Plastics, General Manager of GE's Power Equipment businessan analyst at Goldman Sachs, an investment bank and General Manager of GE’s Appliances, Microwave and Air-Conditioning businesses.financial services company, from 2000 to 2002. Mr. Dineen also currently serves on the board of directors of Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. Mr. DineenLevy holds a B.S.B.A. from the University of Vermont.Dartmouth College. We believe that Mr. DineenLevy is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his investment management experience in the leadership and management of several businesses, including a large healthcare company.strong financial and business acumen.

Vivian S. Lee, M.D., Ph.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2014. Dr. Lee has served as a Professor of Radiology at the University of Utah’s School of Medicine since May 2017. From July 2011 to April 2017, Dr. Lee served as Senior Vice President for Health Sciences at the University of Utah, Dean of the University of Utah’s School of Medicine and Chief Executive Officer of University of Utah Health Care. From 2007 to June 2011, Dr. Lee served as Vice Dean for Science, Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of New York University Medical Center. Dr. Lee also currently serves on the board of directors of Zions Bancorporation. Dr. Lee is a member of the Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Medicine and is a Fellow and past President of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Dr. Lee holds a Ph.D. in medical engineering from Oxford University, an M.D. from Harvard Medical School, an M.B.A. from the Stern School of Business at New York University and a B.A. from Harvard-Radcliffe College. We believe that Dr. Lee is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to her knowledge of the healthcare industry, her expertise in medical imaging and her leadership and management experience. Dr. Lee is not standing for re-election to the board of directors at the Annual Meeting.

Ulrik B. Nielsen, Ph.D.has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2015 and is one of our co-founders. Dr. Nielsen led ourresearch and drug discovery in various roles from when he joined us in 2002 to January 2015, including as our Senior Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer from March 2009 until January 2015. Dr. Nielsen is the Founder Chairmanhas been President and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company, since August 2018. Dr. Nielsen previously served in various capacities at Torque Therapeutics Inc., a biotechnology company, where he has servedincluding as President sincefrom January 2015 to June 2018, Founder Chairman from November 2017 to June 2018 and served as Chief Executive Officer from January 2015 to November 2017. Dr. Nielsen also served as Chief Executive Officer of Silver Creek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a former majority owned subsidiary of ours, from July 2010 to March 2014. Dr. Nielsen is currently the CEO of Tidal Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sanofi S.A., and also currently serves on the board of directors of Alloy Therapeutics LLC and Unikum Therapeutics, A/S. Dr. Nielsen holds a Ph.D. in molecular biology and an M.S. in biochemistry from the University of Copenhagen. We believe that Dr. Nielsen is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his extensive knowledge of Merrimack, his leadership and management experience at Merrimack and Torque Therapeutics Inc.other biotechnology companies, and his thorough understanding of our business and industry.

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Michael E. Porter, Ph.D.Ana Radeljevic has servedas a member of our boardBoard of directorsDirectors since December 2010. Dr. Porter was alsoJune 2022. Ms. Radeljevic has served as Chief Executive Officer of Adventus Partners since 2016, where she is responsible for advising biotechnology clients in the areas of strategy, business development and finance. Since September of 2021, she has served as Chief Business Officer for ADRx Pharma Inc. leading strategy and corporate development. From 2014 through 2016, she served as Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis at Perkin Elmer, Inc. From 2009 to 2014, Ms. Radeljevic served in several positions at Sanofi, most recently as Director of Business Planning and Business Development. Ms. Radeljevic started her career with Deloitte in audit and subsequently joined its valuation practice. Ms. Radeljevic received her MBA from Syracuse University, a strategy advisor to usBachelor of Science in Business Administration and Finance from 1999 until he joined our board in December 2010. Dr. PorterOld Dominion University and holds CPA and is the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor at Harvard Business School and has been on the faculty at Harvard Business School since 1973. Dr. Porter also served on the boards of directors of PTC Inc. from 1995 to 2015, The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company from 2013 to 2015 and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. from 2001 to 2012. Dr. Porter has written extensively on healthcare delivery and has worked with leading healthcare providers in multiple countries and with government leaders on healthcare policy issues. Dr. Porter holds a Ph.D. in business economics from Harvard University, an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and a B.S.E. from Princeton University.CFA Charterholder. We believe that Dr. PorterMs. Radeljevic is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to hisher extensive experience in strategic and business planning, finance, business development and operations for life science companies and her technical expertise in corporate strategy, healthcare deliveryfinance and the development of companies in the life sciences industry, as well as his experience as an advisor and consultant to many leading companies globally, including a range of healthcare and pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Porter is not standing for re-election to the board of directors at the Annual Meeting.valuation.

James H. Quigley has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2012. Mr. Quigley also currently serves as Chairman of the Board of Hess Corporation and on the board of directors of Wells Fargo & Company. Mr. Quigley retired as a Senior Partner from Deloitte LLP, a global public accounting firm, in June 2012, where he also served as Chief Executive Officer of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Limited (Deloitte’s global network) from June 2007 to June 2011. Mr. Quigley is also a member of the board of directors of the German Marshall Fund of the United States, a trustee of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation and a member of the National Advisory Committee of Brigham Young University. Mr. Quigley holds a B.S. and an honorary Doctorate of Business from Utah State University. We believe that Mr. Quigley is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his expertise in financial reporting and auditing, his experience as a leader of a global firm and his experience working with the boards of directors of a range of public and private companies as their independent auditor.

Russell T. Ray has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2015. Mr. Ray has been a Senior Advisor to HLM Venture Partners, a healthcare venture capital firm, since February 2017. Mr. Ray was also a Senior Advisor to HLM Venture Partners from January 2014 to December 2015 and a Partner from 2003 to December 2013. From January 2016 to February 2017, Mr. Ray was a Managing Director and Vice Chairman of Healthcare Investment Banking at Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, an investment banking firm. From 1999 to 2003, Mr. Ray was a Managing Director and Global Co-Head of Healthcare Investment Banking at Credit Suisse First Boston. From 1987 to 1999, Mr. Ray was a Managing Director and Global Head of Healthcare Investment Banking at Deutsche Bank and its predecessor entities, BT Alex. Brown and Alex. Brown & Sons. Mr. Ray served on the board of directors of Allergan, Inc. from 2003 to 2015. Mr. Ray holds an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, an M.S. in evolutionary biology from the University of Pennsylvania and B.S. degrees from the United States Military Academy and the University of Washington. We believe that Mr. Ray is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his knowledge of the healthcare industry, his financial expertise and his management background as an executive in the financial services industry.

Board Composition

Our board of directors is currently authorized to have ninefive members. However, our board has approved a decrease in its size to seven members effective as of the Annual Meeting. All of our directors are elected annually for a one year term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders. Each director will hold office until his or her successor has been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Our bylaws provide that the authorized number of directors mayshall be changed onlyestablished by resolution of our board of directors. Our bylaws also provide that our directors may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the votes that all of our stockholders would be entitled to cast in an annual election of directors, and that any vacancy on our board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of our board of directors, may be filled only by vote of a majority of our directors then in office.office, and shall not be filled by the stockholders.

Due to the decrease in the size of our board of directors, two of our current directors whose terms are scheduled to expire at the Annual Meeting, Dr. Lee and Dr. Porter, are not standing for re-election. In connection with the conclusion of their service as directors, we expect Dr. Lee and Dr. Porter to deliver letters confirming that their respective service as directors has ceased upon the election of the director nominees named in “Matters to Be Voted On—Proposal 1: Election of Directors” below at the Annual Meeting.

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Board Determination of Independence

Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules requires a majority of a listed company’s board of directors to be comprised of independent directors. In addition, the Nasdaq Listing Rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and corporate governance and nominating committees be independent and that audit committee members also satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Exchange Act.(the “Exchange Act”). Under

Rule 5605(a)(2), of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of our board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. In addition, in affirmatively determining the independence of any director who will serve on a company’s compensation committee, Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act requires that a company’s board of directors consider all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to such company which is material to that director’s ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including, but not limited to: (i) the source of compensation of the director, including any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee paid by such company to the director; and (ii) whether the director is affiliated with the company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that none of Mr. Crocker, Dr. Demetri,Andersen, Mr. Dineen, Dr. Lee,Levy, Dr. Nielsen, Dr. Porter, Mr. Quigley and Mr. Ray,Ms. Radeljevic, representing eightfour of our ninefive current directors, has a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under Rule 5605(a)(2) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Our board of directors had previously made a similar determination of independence with respect to John Mendelsohn,Mr. Crocker, who servedwas no longer deemed to be independent as a director until November 2017.of his appointment as President in June 2019. Our board of directors has also determined that Mr. Levy, Dr. Lee, Mr. QuigleyNielsen, and Mr. Ray,Ms. Radeljevic, who will comprise our audit committee, and Mr. CrockerAndersen and Dr. Porter,Nielsen, who comprise our corporate governance and nominating committee and Dr. Demetri, Mr. Dineen and Dr. Lee, who comprise our organization and compensation committee, each satisfy the independence standards for such committees established by the SEC and the Nasdaq Listing Rules, as applicable. In making such determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each such non-employee director has with Merrimack, including any transactions of the type described below in “—Board Policies—Related“Related Person Transactions,” and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining independence. From October 2016 to February 2017 when Mr. Crocker served as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer, he was not independent under Nasdaq Listing Rules and he did not serve on our audit committee or corporate governance and nominating committee, but he was independent under Nasdaq Listing Rules following the end of his term as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Lee served on our audit committee during such time in lieu of Mr. Crocker, and our board of directors determined that she satisfied the independence standards for such committee established by the SEC and the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

How Our Board Is Organized

Board Leadership Structure

Our board of directors, upon the recommendation of our corporate governance and nominating committee, has determined that the roles ofappointed Mr. Crocker, our President and Principal Executive Officer, as Chairman of the BoardBoard. Mr. Crocker also serves as our Treasurer and ChiefPrincipal Financial Officer. Our board has reviewed our current board leadership structure in light of the composition of the board, our company’s size, the nature of our business and other relevant factors, and has determined that a combined Chairman and Principal Executive Officer shouldposition is currently the most appropriate board leadership structure for our company. In reaching its determination, the board noted that, given the specific characteristics and circumstances of our company, a combined Chairman and Principal Executive Officer is in the best position to be separated ataware of major issues facing the current time. Accordingly, our board has appointed Mr. Crocker, ancompany, is in the best position to identify key risks and developments facing the company to be brought to the board’s attention and eliminates the potential for confusion and duplication of efforts. We do not have a lead independent director within the meaning of Nasdaq Listing Rules, as the Chairman of the Board.position.

Mr. Crocker’s duties as Chairman of the Board include the following:

chairing meetings of our board and of the independent directors in executive session;

meeting with any director who is not adequately performing his or her duties as a member of our board or any committee;

facilitating communications between other members of our board;

7


facilitating communications between other members of our board and the Chief Executive Officer;

determining the frequency and length of board meetings and recommending when special meetings of our board should be held;

preparing or approving the agenda for each board meeting; and

reviewing and, if appropriate, recommending action to be taken with respect to written communications from stockholders submitted to our board.

Our board of directors decided to separate the roles of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer because it believes that a bifurcated leadership structure offers the following benefits:

increasing the independent oversight of Merrimack and enhancing our board’s objective evaluation of the Chief Executive Officer;

freeing the Chief Executive Officer to focus on company operations instead of board administration;

providing the Chief Executive Officer with an experienced sounding board;

providing greater opportunities for communication between stockholders and our board;

enhancing the independent and objective assessment of risk by our board; and

providing an independent spokesman for Merrimack.

Notwithstanding the above, Mr. Crocker did continue to serve as Chairman of the Board while he served as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a corporate governance and nominating committee, an organization and compensation committee and an executivea strategy and expense committee, each of which operates under a charter that has been approved by our board. Copies of the committee charters are posted on the Investors section of our website, which is located at investors.merrimack.com.www.investors.merrimack.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this proxy statement.

Audit Committee

The members of our audit committee prior to the 2023 Annual Meeting are Mr. Levy, Dr. Lee, Mr. QuigleyNielsen and Mr. Ray. Mr. Quigley chairsMs. Radeljevic. Ms. Radeljevic serves as chair of the audit committee. Our audit committee’s responsibilities include:

appointing, approving the compensation of and assessing the independence of our registered public accounting firm;

overseeing the work of our independent registered public accounting firm, including through the receipt and consideration of reports and other communications from such firm;

reviewing and discussing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm our annual and quarterly financial statements and related disclosures;

monitoring our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures and code of business conduct and ethics;

overseeing our internal audit function;

overseeing our risk assessment and risk management policies;

establishing policies regarding hiring employees from the independent registered public accounting firm and procedures for the receipt and retention of accounting-related complaints and concerns;

meeting independently with our internal auditors, independent registered public accounting firm and management;

8


 

meeting independently with our internal auditors, independent registered public accounting firm and management;

reviewing and approving or ratifying any related person transactions; and

preparing the audit committee report required by SEC rules.

All audit and non-audit services, other than de minimisnon-audit non-audit services, to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm must be approved in advance by our audit committee.

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Quigley isDr. Nielsen and Ms. Radeljevic are each an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in applicable SEC rules. We believe that the composition of our audit committee meets the requirements for independence under the current Nasdaq Listing Rules and SEC rules and regulations.

The audit committee met eightfour times during 2017.2022.

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

The members of our corporate governance and nominating committee are Mr. CrockerAndersen and Dr. Porter. Dr. PorterNielsen. Mr. Andersen chairs the corporate governance and nominating committee. Our corporate governance and nominating committee’s responsibilities include:

identifying individuals qualified to become members of our board;

recommending to our board the persons to be nominated for election as directors and to each of our board’s committees;

reviewing and making recommendations to our board with respect to our board leadership structure;

developing and recommending to our board corporate governance principles; and

overseeing an annual evaluation of our board.

The corporate governance and nominating committee met eight timestwice during 2017.2022.

Organization and Compensation Committee

The members of our organization and compensation committee are Dr. Demetri, Mr. DineenAndersen and Dr. Lee.Nielsen. Mr. DineenAndersen chairs the organization and compensation committee. Our organization and compensation committee’s responsibilities include:

reviewing and making recommendations to our board with respect to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation;Officer, if any;

reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to our board with respect to, the compensation of our otherany future executive officers;officers, if any;

overseeing an evaluation of our executive officers;outside management firm;

overseeing and administering our cash and equity incentive plans;

reviewing and making recommendations to our board with respect to director compensation; and

reviewing and making recommendations to our board with respect to management succession planning;planning.

reviewing and discussing annually with management our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” disclosure required by SEC rules; and

preparing the organization and compensation committee report required by SEC rules.

9


The processes and procedures followed by our organization and compensation committee in considering and determining executive and director compensation are described below under “—Board Processes—Executive and Director Compensation Processes.”

The organization and compensation committee met nine timesonce during 2017.2022.

Executive382 Exemption Committee

Under our Section 382 Rights Agreement, any person which currently owns 4.9% or more of our common stock may continue to own its shares of common stock but may not acquire any additional shares without triggering the Section 382 Rights Agreement. Our 382 exemption committee has the discretion to exempt any person or group from these provisions of the Section 382 Rights Agreement.

The section 382 exemption committee met twice during 2022.

Strategy and Expense Committee

The members of our executivestrategy and expense committee are Mr. Crocker, Dr. Peters and Dr. Porter.Andersen, Mr. Crocker and Mr. Levy. Mr. Levy chairs the executivestrategy and expense committee. Our executive committee has,strategy and may exerciseexpense committee’s responsibilities

include reviewing, evaluating and, when necessary, all ofappropriate, making recommendations to the authorityboard with respect to our: mission and powers ofcore strategy, our full board of directors during the intervals between meetings ofstrategic plan objectives and success criteria and our board, except as limited by Delaware law.strategic processes; acquisition and disposition opportunities; and capital structures, security issuances and dividends.

The executivestrategy and expense committee met one timedid not meet during 2017.2022.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

The members of our organization and compensation committee during 2017 were Dr. Demetri (starting in November 2017), Mr. Dineen, Dr. Lee and Dr. Mendelsohn (until November 2017). No other person served as a member of our organization and compensation committee during 2017. None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of any entity that has one or more executive officers who serve as members of our board of directors or our organization and compensation committee. None of the members of our organization and compensation committee is an officer or employee of Merrimack, nor have they ever been an officer or employee of Merrimack.

Board Meetings and Attendance

Our board of directors met 21four times during 2017.2022. During 2017,2022, each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of the number of board meetings and the number of meetings held by all committees of our board on which he or she then served, except for Mr. Dineen, who attended 70% of such meetings.served.

Our directors are encouraged to attend our annual meetings of stockholders. OneAll five of our ninecurrent directors then serving attended our 20172022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Board Processes

Oversight of Risk

Our board oversees our risk management processes directly and through its committees. Our management is responsible for risk management on a day-to-day basis. The role of our board and its committees is to oversee the risk management activities of management. They fulfill this duty by discussing with management the policies and practices utilized by management in assessing and managing risks and providing input on those policies and practices. In general, our board oversees risk management activities relating to business strategy, acquisitions, capital allocation, organizational structure and certain operational risks; our audit committee oversees risk management activities related to financial controls, and legal and compliance risks;risks and cyber risk; our corporate governance and nominating committee oversees risk management activities relating to board composition; and our organization and compensation committee oversees risk management activities relating to our compensation policies and practices and management succession planning.planning; and our strategy and expense committees assists the board’s oversight of our business strategy and expenses. Each committee reports to the full board on a regular basis, including reports with respect to the committee’s risk oversight activities as appropriate. In addition, since risk issues often overlap, committees from time to time request that that the full board discuss particular risks.

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Director Nomination Process

The process followed by our corporate governance and nominating committee to identify and evaluate director candidates may include requests to board members and others for recommendations, evaluation of the performance on our board and its committees of any existing directors being considered for nomination, consideration of biographical information and background material relating to potential candidates and, particularly in the case of potential candidates who are not then serving on our board, interviews of selected candidates by members of the committee and our board.

In considering whether to recommend any particular candidate for inclusion in our board’s slate of recommended director nominees, our corporate governance and nominating committee applies the criteria set forth in our corporate governance guidelines. Consistent with these criteria, our corporate governance and nominating committee expects every nominee to have the following attributes or characteristics, among others: integrity, honesty, adherence to high ethical standards, business acumen, good judgment and a commitment to understand our business and industry.

All of the director nominees are currently members of our board of directors. The nominee biographies under “—Board of Directors—MembersBiographies of Our Board of Directors”the Director Nominees” indicate the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of each nominee that led our corporate governance and nominating committee and our board to conclude he or she should continuethat each nominee is qualified to serve as a director of

Merrimack. Our corporate governance and nominating committee and our board believe that each of the nominees has the individual attributes and characteristics required of our directors, and that the nominees as a group possess the skill sets and specific experience desired of our board as a whole. At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will be asked to consider the election of Dr. Demetri, who has been nominated for election as a director for the first time. Dr. Demetri was appointed to our board in November 2017 by board action. He was initially recommended by our corporate governance and nominating committee, and our board determined to include Dr. Demetri among its nominees.

Our corporate governance and nominating committee considers the value of diversity when selecting nominees, and believes that our board, taken as a whole, should embody a diverse set of skills, experiences and backgrounds. Our board diversity matrix, as required by the Nasdaq Listing Rules, is posted on the Investors section of our website, which is located at www.investors.merrimack.com. The committee does not make any particular weighting of diversity or any other characteristic in evaluating nominees and directors.

Stockholders may recommend individuals for consideration as potential director candidates by submitting their names, together with appropriate biographical information and background materials, and information with respect to the stockholder or group of stockholders making the recommendation, including the number of shares of common stock owned by such stockholder or group of stockholders, to our Corporate Secretary at Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,MA 02142, Attention: Corporate Secretary. The specific requirements for the information that is required to be provided for such recommendations to be considered are specified in our bylaws and must be received by us no later than the date referenced below in “Other Matters—Deadline for Submission of Stockholder Proposals for 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.2024.” Assuming that appropriate biographical and background material has been provided on a timely basis, the corporate governance and nominating committee will evaluate stockholder-recommended candidates by following substantially the same process, and applying substantially the same criteria, as it follows for candidates submittedrecommended by others.the corporate governance and nominating committee.

Executive and Director Compensation Processes

Our executive compensation program is administered by the organization and compensation committee of our board of directors, subject to the oversight and approval of our full board of directors. Our organization and compensation committee reviews our executive compensation practices on an annual basis and based on this review makes recommendations to our board of directors for approval, which has full discretion to approve or modify the recommendations of the organization and compensation committee.

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In designing our executive compensation program, our organization and compensation committee considers publicly available compensation data for national and regional companies in the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry to help guide its executive compensation decisions at the time of hiring and for subsequent adjustments in compensation. In 2017 and prior years, our organization and compensation committee also retained the services of Mercer, LLC, or Mercer, an independent compensation consultant, to provide it with additional comparative data on executive compensation practices in our industry and to advise it on our executive compensation program generally. Although the organization and compensation committee considered Mercer’s advice and recommendations about our executive compensation program, the organization and compensation committee ultimately made its own decisions about these matters. None of our executive officers or directors have any relationship with Mercer or the individual consultants employed by Mercer. Mercer has not provided any other services to Merrimack other than compensation consulting services to the organization and compensation committee. The organization and compensation committee has determined that no conflicts of interest exist between Merrimack and Mercer. The organization and compensation committee is directly responsible for the appointment and oversight of any compensation consultants and other advisors it retains.

Our director compensation program is administered by our board of directors with the assistance of the organization and compensation committee. The organization and compensation committee periodically reviews director compensation and makes recommendations to our board with respect thereto. Currently, we do not have any employees and instead use a limited number of consultants for the operation of our company. Mr. Crocker serves as President and Principal Financial Officer. However, Mr. Crocker is compensated for his role as a director and receives no compensation or benefits for his role as President and Principal Financial Officer. Historically, our executive compensation program has been administered by the organization and compensation committee of our board of directors, subject to the oversight and approval of our full board of directors. In that role, our organization and compensation committee reviewed our executive compensation practices on an annual basis and based on this review made recommendations to our board of directors for approval, which had full discretion to approve or modify the recommendations of the organization and compensation committee.

Communications with Stockholders

Our management will give appropriate attention to written communications that are submitted by stockholders, and will respond if and as appropriate. Stockholders may communicate with our management by writing to our Corporate Secretary at Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,MA 02142, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or by calling (617) 441-1000.720-8606. Additional information about contacting Merrimack is available on the Investors section of our website, which is located at investors.merrimack.com.www.investors.merrimack.com.

In addition, stockholders who wish to communicate with our entire board may do so by writing to Gary L. Crocker, Chairman of the Board, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.MA 02142. Communications will be forwarded to other directors if they relate to substantive matters that the Chairman of the Board, in consultation with our General Counsel,legal counsel, considers appropriate for attention by the other directors. In general, communications relating to corporate governance and long-term corporate strategy are more likely to be forwarded than communications relating to ordinary business affairs, personal grievances or matters as to which we tend to receive repetitive or duplicative communications.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

Our board of directors has adopted corporate governance guidelines to assist in the exercise of its duties and responsibilities and to serve the best interests of Merrimack and our stockholders. The guidelines provide that:

our board’s principal responsibility is to oversee the management of Merrimack;

a majority of the members of our board must be independent directors;

the independent directors meet in executive session at least twice a year;year and typically following each meeting of the board of directors;

directors have full and free access to management and, as necessary, independent advisors;

new directors participate in an orientation program and all directors are expected to participate in continuing director education on an ongoing basis; and

our board will conduct an annual self-evaluation to determine whether it and its committees are functioning effectively.

A copy of the corporate governance guidelines is posted on the Investors section of our website, which is located at investors.merrimack.com.www.investors.merrimack.com.

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Board PoliciesPolicies

Related Person Transactions

Our board of directors has adopted written policies and procedures for the review of any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which Merrimack is a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and one of our executive officers, directors, director nominees or 5% stockholders, or their immediate family members, each of whom we refer to as a “related person,” has a direct or indirect material interest.

If a related person proposes to enter into such a transaction, arrangement or relationship, which we refer to as a “related person transaction,” the related person must report the proposed related person transaction to our General Counsel. The policy calls for the proposed related person transaction to be reviewed and, if deemed appropriate, approved by our audit committee. Whenever practicable, the reporting, review and approval will occur prior to entry into the transaction. If advance review and approval is not practicable, the audit committee will review, and, in its discretion, may ratify the related person transaction. The policy also permits the chair of the audit committee to review and, if deemed appropriate, approve proposed related person transactions that arise between audit committee meetings, subject to ratification by the audit committee at its next meeting. Any related person transactions that are ongoing in nature will be reviewed annually.

A related person transaction reviewed under the policy will be considered approved or ratified if it is authorized by the audit committee after full disclosure of the related person’s interest in the transaction. As appropriate for the circumstances, the audit committee will review and consider:

the related person’s interest in the related person transaction;

the approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the related person transaction;

the approximate dollar value of the amount of the related person’s interest in the transaction without regard to the amount of any profit or loss;

whether the transaction was undertaken in the ordinary course of our business;

whether the terms of the transaction are no less favorable to us than terms that could have been reached with an unrelated third party;

the purpose, and the potential benefits to us, of the transaction; and

any other information regarding the related person transaction or the related person in the context of the proposed transaction that would be material to investors in light of the circumstances of the particular transaction.

The audit committee may approve or ratify the transaction only if the audit committee determines that, under all of the circumstances, the transaction is in, or is not inconsistent with, Merrimack’s best interests. The audit committee may impose any conditions on the related person transaction that it deems appropriate.

In addition to the transactions that are excluded by the instructions to the SEC’s related person transaction disclosure rule, our board of directors has determined that the following transactions do not create a material direct or indirect interest on behalf of related persons and, therefore, are not related person transactions for purposes of this policy:

interests arising solely from the related person’s position as an executive officer of another entity (whether or not the person is also a director of such entity), that is a participant in the transaction, where (a) the related person and all other related persons own in the aggregate less than a 10% equity interest in such entity, (b) the related person and his or her immediate family members are not involved in the negotiation of the terms of the transaction and do not receive any special benefits as a result of the transaction and (c) the amount involved in the transaction equals less than the greater of $200,000 or 5% of the annual gross revenues of the company receiving payment under the transaction; and

a transaction that is specifically contemplated by provisions of our charter or bylaws.

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The policy provides that transactions involving compensation of executive officers shall be reviewed and approved by the organization and compensation committee in the manner specified in its charter.

Since January 1, 2017,2021, we have not engaged in any related person transactions.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our board of directors has adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code of business conduct and ethics is posted on the Investors section of our website, which is located at investors.merrimack.com.www.investors.merrimack.com. In addition, we intend to post on our website all disclosures that are required by law or the Nasdaq Listing Rules concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of our code of business conduct and ethics.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONCooperation Agreement

Executives

Our executives, their current positionsOn September 18, 2019, the Company entered into a Cooperation Agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with Newtyn Management, LLC and their agesits affiliates (collectively, the “Newtyn Parties”) and Western Standard, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, the “Western Parties”). The Newtyn Parties and the Western Parties, each as of April 17, 2018 are set forth below:

Name

Age

Position(s)

Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D.

55

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Daryl C. Drummond, Ph.D.

48

Head of Research

Ellen K. Forest

54

Head of Human Resources

Jean M. Franchi

51

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Jeffrey A. Munsie

41

General Counsel, Head of Corporate Operations and Secretary

Sergio L. Santillana, M.D.

55

Chief Medical Officer

In additionan affiliated group, will collectively be referred to Dr. Peters, whose biography is set forth above in “Corporate Governance—Board of Directors—Members of Our Board of Directors,”as the biographies of our executives are as follows:

Daryl C. Drummond, Ph.D. has served as our Head of Research since March 2017. Dr. Drummond served as our Vice President of Discovery from July 2014“shareholder parties” and individually be referred to March 2017 and our Senior Director of Nanotherapeutics from October 2009 to July 2014. Dr. Drummond previously served as Director of Liposome Research and Development at Hermes BioSciences, Inc., a biotechnology company that was acquired by Merrimack in October 2009. Prior to joining Hermes BioSciences, Inc. in 2000, Dr. Drummond was a post-doctoral fellow at California Pacific Medical Center, where he focused on lipid-based drug delivery systems. Dr. Drummond is a principal inventor for many of Merrimack’s nanotechnology-based drugs and platform technologies, including ONIVYDE®, which Merrimack sold to Ipsen S.A., or Ipsen, in April 2017. Dr. Drummond holds a Ph.D. in biochemistry and a B.S. from Indiana University.

Ellen K. Forest has served as our Head of Human Resources since May 2017. Ms. Forest previously served as a “shareholder party.”

Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the board increased the size of the board by adding two seats and appointed Mr. Levy, as the designee of the Newtyn Parties, and Mr. Andersen, as the designee of the Western Parties, to the board. Messrs. Levy and Andersen are collectively referred to as the “New Directors.” Additionally, the Company agreed to, among other things, nominate the New Directors for re-election at the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders along with the Company’s three other nominees. Each shareholder party will have the right to designate a replacement for the New Director designated by such shareholder party, subject to

the approval of Human Resourcesthe corporate governance and nominating committee, if such shareholder party owns at Baxalta,least 2.5% of the Company’s voting securities.

For so long as the shareholder parties collectively own at least 5% of the Company’s voting securities, the Company has agreed that the size of the board will not exceed five members unless at least two-thirds of the directors then serving in office, including at least one New Director (or any replacement), approve such increase.

With respect to any meeting of the Company’s stockholders held prior to the termination of the Cooperation Agreement, the shareholder parties agreed to, among other things, vote in favor of the Company’s director nominees and, subject to certain exceptions, vote in accordance with the board’s recommendation on all other proposals.

Each shareholder party also agreed to certain customary standstill provisions prohibiting it from, among other things, (i) making certain public announcements, (ii) soliciting proxies, (iii) acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 20% of the Company’s voting securities, (iv) selling any Company securities to any person that is known to have filed or threatened to file a global biopharmaceutical company, from January 2016proxy solicitation against the Company within the preceding 18 months or has otherwise given such shareholder party reasonable cause to July 2016. From January 2014believe such person intends to December 2015, Ms. Forest served as Human Resources Manager at Partners HealthCare System, Inc.,engage in a not-for-profit healthcare system. From January 2013proxy campaign against the Company, (v) taking any action to July 2013, Ms. Forest served as Director at Dovetail Health, a providersupport proposals that seek to influence the board or management of medication management solutions. From 2006 to January 2013, Ms. Forest served as Director of Human Resources at TA Associates Management, LP, a private equity firm. Ms. Forest holds an M.S. in human resources management and a B.S. from Emmanuel College.

Jean M. Franchi has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since August 2017. Ms. Franchi previously served as Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary at Dimension Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company, from August 2015 to July 2017. From February 2012 to July 2015, Ms. Franchi served as Chief Financial Officer at Good Start Genetics, Inc., a molecular genetics information company. From 1995 to 2011, Ms. Franchi held various positions at Sanofi Genzyme, a global pharmaceutical company, including Senior Vice President of Corporate Finance, Senior Vice President of Business Unit Finance, Vice President of Finance and Controller, Product Line and International Group. Ms. Franchi holds a B.B.A. from Hofstra University and successfully completed the Uniform CPA Examination.

Jeffrey A. Munsie has served as our General Counsel since January 2013, as our Head of Corporate Operations since March 2017 and as our Secretary since August 2011. Mr. Munsie served as our Corporate Counsel from February 2011 to January 2013. Previously, Mr. Munsie was CounselCompany or effect any material change in the Company’s capitalization, management, business or corporate department at Wilmer Cutler Pickering Halestructure, and Dorr LLP, a law firm, where he practiced from 2002 to January 2011. Mr. Munsie holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School and an A.B. from Dartmouth College.

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Sergio L. Santillana, M.D. has served as our Chief Medical Officer since June 2017. Dr. Santillana previously served as Vice President of Clinical Research at ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a pharmaceutical company, from March 2016 to June 2017, and as Chief Medical Officer at ARIAD from May 2016 to June 2017. From August 2014 to March 2016, Dr. Santillana served as Senior Medical Director and Global Clinical Lead of Oncology Clinical Research at Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., a global pharmaceutical company. From 2006 to August 2014, Dr. Santillana served in various capacities at GlaxoSmithKline plc, a global pharmaceutical company, including as Global Project Physician Leader and Director of Clinical Development from February 2012 to August 2014. Dr. Santillana also served as a Clinical Research Physician for Eli Lilly and Company, a global pharmaceutical company, from 2002 to 2006. Dr. Santillana was also a practicing medical oncologist for 15 years, first at the National Cancer Institute of Peru (INEN) from 1994 to 2002, and then in private practice from 2002 to 2006. Dr. Santillana holds an M.S. in experimental therapeutics from Kellogg College at the University of Oxford and an M.D. and B.S. from the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal School of Medicine.

Our executive officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships among(vi) joining any of our directors or executive officers.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Overview

This section discusses the principles underlying our policies and decisionsgroup with respect to the compensationCompany’s voting securities.

Unless the parties agree otherwise, the Cooperation Agreement will terminate as to a shareholder party on the earliest of our executive officers(a) the time when such shareholder party no longer owns at least 2.5% of the Company’s voting securities, (b) the adjournment of the applicable annual meeting if the New Director (or any replacement) designated by such shareholder party is not re-elected at such meeting, (c) the Company’s breach of its obligations with respect to the strategy and expense committee, (d) the most important factors relevantNew Director (or any replacement) designated by such shareholder party fails to be re-nominated for election at a shareholder meeting, and (e) the consummation of an analysis of these policies and decisions. This sectionExtraordinary Transaction (as defined in the Cooperation Agreement).

The parties to the Cooperation Agreement have also describesagreed not to make any disparaging remarks or file any lawsuits against each other, subject to certain exceptions contained in the material elements of compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to each of our named executive officers for 2017. Our “named executive officers” for 2017 are Richard Peters, our President and Chief agreement.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Executive Officer, Officers

Gary L. Crocker ourserves as Chairman of the Board and former Interim President and Chief Executive Officer, Jean M. Franchi, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Yasir B. Al-Wakeel, our former Chief Financial Officer and Head of Corporate Development, and our three other most highly compensated executive officers, Daryl C. Drummond, our Head of Research, Jeffrey A. Munsie, our General Counsel, Head of Corporate Operations and Secretary, and Sergio L. Santillana, our Chief Medical Officer. In addition, this section provides qualitative information regarding the manner and context in which compensation is awarded to and earned by our executive officers and is intended to place in perspective the data presented in the tables and narrative that follow.

Our organization and compensation committee and board of directors oversee our policies governing the compensation of our executive officers. Our organization and compensation committee reviews and recommends for approval by our board of directors all compensation decisions relating to our President and Chief Executive Officer. Our organization and compensation committee also reviews and approves all compensation decisions relating to our other executive officers. Our organization and compensation committee consists of three members of our board of directors alland as President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of whom have extensive experience in our industry and each of whom is an independent director. Our organization and compensation committee uses its judgment and experience and has historically considered the recommendations of our President and Chief Executive Officer when determining the amount and appropriate mix ofCompany but does not receive any additional compensation for eachhis service as President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of our other executive officers. Specifically, our President and Chief Executive Officer provides input and recommendations, via an annual review of executive performance and otherwise, regarding salary adjustments, the corporate and individual objectives used to determine annual performance-based cash bonuses and appropriate equity incentive compensation levels. Historically, our President and Chief Executive Officer has provided input to the organization and compensation committee andCompany. Mr. Crocker is compensated solely for his service on the board of directors on his own compensation, but has not had any control over setting the amount or mix of his compensation and is not present when the organization and compensation committee or the board of directors discusses and determines his compensation.

The organization and compensation committee and board of directors periodically evaluate the need for revisions to our executive compensation program to ensure our program is competitive with the companies with which we compete for executive talent.

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Objectives and Philosophy of Our Executive Compensation Program

The primary objectives of the organization and compensation committee and board of directors with respect to executive compensation are to:

attract, retain and motivate experienced and talented executives;

ensure executive compensation is aligned with our corporate strategies, research and development programs and business objectives;

recognize the individual contributions of executives, but foster a shared commitment among executives by aligning their individual objectives with our corporate objectives;

promote the achievement of key strategic, development and operational performance measures by linking compensationpursuant to the achievement of measurable corporate and individual performance objectives; and

align the interests of our executives with our stockholders by rewarding performance that leads to the creation of stockholder value.

To achieve these objectives, the organization and compensation committee and board of directors evaluate our executive compensation program with the goal of setting compensation at levels that are justifiable based on each executive’s level of experience, performance and responsibility and that they believe are competitive with those of other companies in our industry and our region that compete with us for executive talent. In addition, our executive compensation program ties a portion of each executive’s overall compensation to the achievement of key corporate and individual objectives. We provide a portion of our executive compensation in the form of stock options that vest over time, which we believe helps to retain our executives and aligns their interests with those of our stockholders by allowing them to participate in the longer term success of Merrimack as reflected in the appreciation of our stock price.

Consideration of 2017 Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

At our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we held an advisory vote on our 2016 executive compensation program, and 88% of the votes cast on the matter were voted in support of the program. The organization and compensation committee and board of directors considered the results of this advisory vote, together with the other factors and data discussed in this proxy statement, in determining executive compensation decisions and policies and believe that the result affirms stockholders’ support of our approach to and structure of executive compensation. The organization and compensation committee and board of directors will continue to consider the outcome of our say-on-pay votes when making future compensation decisions for our executive officers.

Use of Compensation Consultants and Market Benchmarking

In designing our executive compensation program, our organization and compensation committee considers publicly available compensation data for national and regional companies in the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry to help guide its executive compensation decisions at the time of hiring and for subsequent adjustments in compensation. In 2017 and prior years, our organization and compensation committee also retained the services of Mercer, an independent compensation consultant, to provide it with additional comparative data on executive compensation practices in our industry and to advise it on our executive compensation program generally. Although the organization and compensation committee considered Mercer’s advice and recommendations about our executive compensation program, the organization and compensation committee ultimately made its own decisions about these matters. None of our executive officers or directors have any relationship with Mercer or the individual consultants employed by Mercer. Mercer has not provided any other services to Merrimack other than compensation consulting services to the organization and compensation committee. The organization and compensation committee has determined that no conflicts of interest exist between Merrimack and Mercer.

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In December 2015, Mercer provided our organization and compensation committee with comparative data showing where our total compensation and each element of our compensation ranked among (1) both public and private companies in the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry generally, according to compensation data from the 2015 Radford Global Life Sciences Survey, and (2) a peer group of publicly traded companies in the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry at a stage of development, market capitalization or size comparable to ours at the time with which the organization and compensation committee believed we competed against for executive talent, according to publicly available compensation data for years prior to 2015. The companies included in that peer group were Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Array BioPharma Inc., Clovis Oncology, Inc., Exelexis, Inc., FibroGen, Inc., Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc., ImmunoGen, Inc., Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raptor Pharmaceuticals Corp. and Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Our organization and compensation committee retained Mercer in 2017 to help guide its compensation decisions with respect to the hiring of Dr. Peters and Dr. Santillana, but did not retain Mercer to provide any other updated comparative data on compensation practices for 2017. Our peer group is subject to change, and we expect that our organization and compensation committee will continue to periodically review and update the list, including in 2018.

Our peer group is used for purposes of gathering data to compare against our existing executive compensation practices and for guiding future compensation decisions. Our compensation consultant also makes suggestions for changes to our executive compensation practices based on the data they provide to us as well as compensation trends in our industry. However, although the organization and compensation committee may consider peer group and other industry compensation data and the recommendations of our compensation consultant when making decisions related to executive compensation, to date, it has not made and does not intend to make adjustments to overall executive compensation or any element thereof solely or primarily either to target a specified threshold level of compensation or market benchmark within the peer group, our larger industry or some other group of comparable companies or to act on the recommendations of our compensation consultant.

Annual Compensation Review Process

After the end of each calendar year, we evaluate each executive officer’s performance for the completed year. Our President and Chief Executive Officer prepares a written evaluation of each executive officer other than himself based on the executive officer’s self-assessment, his own evaluation of the executive officer and input from others within Merrimack. Our President and Chief Executive Officer also prepares his own self-assessment. This process leads to a recommendation by our President and Chief Executive Officer to the organization and compensation committee with respect to each executive officer other than himself as to:

the need for salary increases;

the amount of bonuses to be paid; and

whether or not stock option awards should be made.

These recommendations are reviewed by the organization and compensation committee and are taken into account when they make a final determination on all such matters.

Components of Our Executive Compensation Program

The primary elements of our executive compensation program are:

base salary;

annual performance-based cash bonuses;

equity incentive awards;

benefits and other compensation; and

severance and change in control benefits.

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We do not have a formal or informal policy for allocating between long-term and short-term compensation, between cash and non-cash compensation or among different forms of non-cash compensation. Instead, our organization and compensation committee and board of directors, after reviewing information provided by our compensation consultant and other relevant data, determine subjectively what they believe to be the appropriate level and mix of the various compensation components. We generally strive to provide our executive officers with a balance of short-term and long-term incentives to encourage consistently strong performance. Ultimately, the objective in allocating between long-term and currently paid compensation is to ensure adequate base compensation to attract and retain personnel, while providing incentives to maximize long-term value for Merrimack and our stockholders. Therefore, we provide cash compensation in the form of base salary to meet competitive salary norms and reward good performance on an annual basis and in the form of bonus compensation to incentivize and reward superior performance based on specific annual objectives. To further focus our executive officers on longer-term performance and the creation of stockholder value, we rely upon equity-based awards that vest over a meaningful period of time. In addition, we provide our executive officers with benefits that are generally available to our salaried employees and severance benefits to incentivize them to continue to strive to achieve stockholder value in connection with change in control situations.

Base salary

We use base salaries to recognize the experience, skills, knowledge and responsibilities of our employees, including our executive officers. Base salaries for our executive officers typically are established through arm’s length negotiation at the time the executive officer is hired, taking into account the position for which the executive officer is being considered and the executive officer’s qualifications, prior experience and prior salary. None of our executive officers is currently party to an employment agreement that provides for automatic or scheduled increases in base salary. However, on an annual basis, our organization and compensation committee and board or directors review and evaluate, with input from our President and Chief Executive Officer, the need for adjustment of the base salaries of our executive officers based on changes and expected changes in the scope of an executive officer’s responsibilities, including promotions, the individual contributions made by and performance of the executive officer during the prior fiscal year, the executive officer’s performance over a period of years, overall labor market conditions, the relative ease or difficulty of replacing the executive officer with a well-qualified person, our overall growth and development as a company and general salary trends in our industry and among our peer group and where the executive officer’s salary falls in the salary range presented by that data. In making decisions regarding salary increases, we may also draw upon the experience of members of our board of directors with other companies. No formulaic base salary increases are provided to our executive officers, and we do not target the base salaries of our executive officers at a specified compensation level within our peer group or other market benchmark.

The following table sets forth the annual base salaries for 2016 and 2017 for our named executive officers:

Name

 

2016 Base

Salary($)

 

 

2017 Base

Salary($)

 

Richard Peters (1)

 

 

 

 

 

700,000

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gary L. Crocker (2)

 

 

260,000

 

 

 

260,000

 

Chairman of the Board and Former Interim

   President and Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jean M. Franchi (3)

 

 

 

 

 

400,000

 

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel (4)

 

 

370,000

 

 

 

407,000

 

Former Chief Financial Officer and Head of

   Corporate Development

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daryl C. Drummond (5)

 

 

236,000

 

 

 

272,580

 

Head of Research

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie (6)

 

 

267,725

 

 

 

360,000

 

General Counsel, Head of Corporate Operations

   and Secretary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sergio L. Santillana (7)

 

 

 

 

 

375,000

 

Chief Medical Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Dr. Peters joined Merrimack in February 2017.

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(2)

Mr. Crocker served as Merrimack’s Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017.

(3)

Ms. Franchi joined Merrimack in August 2017.

(4)

Dr. Al-Wakeel resigned from Merrimack in June 2017.

(5)

Dr. Drummond became an executive officer on March 31, 2017. The amount listed for 2017 reflects an adjustment made by our organization and compensation committee effective March 31, 2017. From January 1, 2017 to March 30, 2017, Dr. Drummond’s base salary was $247,800.

(6)

Mr. Munsie became an executive officer on March 31, 2017. The amount listed for 2016 reflects an adjustment made by our organization and compensation committee effective February 8, 2016.

(7)

Dr. Santillana joined Merrimack in June 2017.

For 2017, the organization and compensation committee generally determined to adjust the base salaries of Dr. Al-Wakeel, Dr. Drummond and Mr. Munsie based on their overall performance in 2016 and their increased level of experience and responsibility, and to ensure that their salaries remained competitive with those of similarly situated executives in our peer group. More specifically, our organization and compensation committee:

increased Dr. Al-Wakeel’s base salary by 10% for 2017 to bring his salary closer to the median of similarly situated executives in our peer group;

increased Dr. Drummond’s base salary by 16% for 2017 to reflect his promotion to being an executive officer; and

increased Mr. Munsie’s base salary by 34% for 2017 to reflect the added responsibility of being our Head of Corporate Operations and to bring his salary closer to the median of similarly situated executives in our peer group.

In addition, our board of directors approved an annual base salary of $260,000 for Mr. Crocker while he served as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017.

Please refer to “—Employment Agreements” for a listing of the base salaries of each of our currently-serving named executive officers for 2018.

Annual performance-based cash bonuses

Each executive officer is eligible to receive an annual performance-based cash bonus, which we refer to as an annual cash bonus, in an amount up to a fixed percentage of his or her base salary, or bonus percentage.

We designed our annual cash bonus program for 2017 to emphasize pay-for-performance and to reward our executive officers for (1) the achievement of specified annual individual performance objectives and (2) the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors. For each of these two elements, the organization and compensation committee (or the board of directors with respect to our President and Chief Executive Officer) assessed retroactively whether our executive officers did not meet expectations, met expectations or far exceeded expectations. The organization and compensation committee and board of directors then used the following table to determine the maximum percentage of each executive officer’s target bonus for which he or she was eligible. The organization and compensation committee and board of directors then used their discretion to determine the amount of each executive officer’s annual cash bonus up to the maximum percentage provided.

Percentage of Target Bonus Payable

Achievement of Specified Annual Individual Performance Objectives

Far Exceeds Expectations

up to 75%

up to 125%

up to 150%

Meets Expectations

up to 50%

up to 110%

up to 125%

Does Not Meet Expectations

0%

up to 50%

up to 75%

Does Not Meet Expectations

Meets Expectations

Far Exceeds Expectations

Embodiment of Values and Expected Behaviors

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The annual individual performance objectives component of the annual cash bonus focuses on contributions made by each individual executive officer within his or her respective area of responsibility. Each executive officer, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, proposes his or her own annual individual objectives at the start of each fiscal year or beginning of employment, which are then reviewed and approved by the organization and compensation committee or board of directors, with such modifications as the committee or board deems appropriate.

Our organization and compensation committee and board of directors have the authority to shift individual objectives to subsequent fiscal years and eliminate them from the current year’s bonus assessment if it determines that circumstances that were beyond the control of the executive officer were the primary cause of an objective not being attained. The individual objectives established by the organization and compensation committee and board of directors are designed to require significant effort and operational success on the part of our executive officers, but also to be achievable with hard work and dedication.

Our values consist of being passionate, team focused, authentic and a continuous learner, and our expected behaviors include thinking strategically, innovating and building the organization. While this element of the annual cash bonus is inherently subjective in nature, we believe that it is important to recognize the contributions made by our executive officers that do not appear in annual individual performance objectives. These contributions may have an impact beyond the current fiscal year, and we believe that giving a weighting in the annual cash bonus calculation to these intangible contributions made by an executive officer is appropriate in light of our long-term objective of developing a motivated workforce and creating stockholder value.

The bonus percentages for each executive officer are set by the organization and compensation committee and board of directors. These bonus percentages are derived from peer group data that is adjusted to match the level of qualification and experience of the executive officer, but are guided by our overarching “team-based” philosophy. Our organization and compensation committee and board of directors believe that our executive officers should function as a team and that one way to foster a collaborative, team-based environment is to provide for each executive officer other than our President and Chief Executive Officer to have a similar bonus percentage.

Our organization and compensation committee and board of directors have the authority to, in their sole discretion, increase the amount of an executive officer’s annual cash bonus above the maximum percentage provided in the table above for exceptional performance and to adjust the bonus percentage of an executive officer in connection with the review of the executive officer’s performance.

2017 bonuses

Mr. Crocker was not eligible for an annual cash bonus for 2017 for his service as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017. In addition, Dr. Al-Wakeel was not eligible for an annual cash bonus for 2017 because he resigned from Merrimack in June 2017.

Dr. Peters’ target cash bonus for 2017 was 65% of a prorated portion of his 2017 base salary based on his start date of February 6, 2017. Ms. Franchi’s target cash bonus for 2017 was 35% of a prorated portion of her 2017 base salary based on her start date of August 21, 2017. Dr. Drummond’s target cash bonus for 2017 was 35% of a prorated portion of his 2017 base salary based on his becoming an executive officer on March 31, 2017 (Dr. Drummond was also eligible to receive a prorated bonus of up to 27% of his base salary for the portion of 2017 prior to becoming an executive officer). Mr. Munsie’s target cash bonus for 2017 was 35% of his 2017 base salary. Dr. Santillana’s target cash bonus for 2017 was 35% of a prorated portion of his 2017 base salary based on his start date of June 12, 2017.

Dr. Peters’ individual performance objectives for 2017 related to deploying a new vision, mission and strategy for Merrimack, implementing performance objectives across the company, staffing key positions, meeting enrollment goals for our clinical trials, prioritizing our portfolio, engaging with investors, implementing a corporate rebranding, pursuing various business development opportunities and managing our relationship with Ipsen following our asset sale to them in April 2017. Our board of directors determined that Dr. Peters generally far exceeded expectations with respect to both the achievement of his individual performance objectives and the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors, which made him eligible for a cash bonus of up to 150% of his target cash bonus. Our board of directors ultimately decided to give Dr. Peters a cash bonus equal to 130% of his target cash bonus based on having far exceeded expectations on some, but not all, of his individual performance objectives.

21


Ms. Franchi’s individual performance objectives for 2017 related to strengthening our finance team, managing our budget, engaging with investors, supporting our corporate rebranding, supporting our business development efforts and meeting our public company reporting requirements. Our organization and compensation committee determined that Ms. Franchi generally met expectations with respect to both the achievement of her individual performance objectives and the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors, which made her eligible for a cash bonus of up to 110% of her target cash bonus. Our organization and compensation committee ultimately decided to give Ms. Franchi a cash bonus equal to 105% of her target cash bonus because it determined that she had far exceeded expectations with respect to managing our budget.

Dr. Drummond’s individual performance objectives for 2017 related to strengthening our research team, prioritizing our preclinical portfolio, advancing our preclinical product candidates and providing support to Ipsen following our asset sale to them. Our organization and compensation committee determined that Dr. Drummond generally met expectations with respect to the achievement of his individual performance objectives and far exceeded expectations with respect to the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors, which made him eligible for a cash bonus of up to 125% of his target cash bonus for the period after he became an executive officer. Our organization and compensation committee ultimately decided to give Dr. Drummond a cash bonus equal to 115% of his target cash bonus for the portion of 2017 after he became an executive officer based on having satisfied most of his objectives related to advancing our preclinical product candidates. Our organization and compensation committee also decided to give Dr. Drummond a cash bonus equal to 100% of his target cash bonus for the portion of 2017 before he became an executive officer.

Mr. Munsie’s individual performance objectives for 2017 related to meeting our public company reporting requirements, assessing our intellectual property portfolio, managing our relationship with Ipsen following our asset sale to them, ensuring continuity of operations as a smaller company and assessing our long-term facilities needs. Our organization and compensation committee determined that Mr. Munsie generally met expectations with respect to both the achievement of his individual performance objectives and the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors, which made him eligible for a cash bonus of up to 110% of his target cash bonus. Our organization and compensation committee ultimately decided to give Mr. Munsie a cash bonus equal to 105% of his target cash bonus because it determined that he far exceeded expectations with respect to managing our relationship with Ipsen.

Dr. Santillana’s individual performance objectives for 2017 related to strengthening our clinical team, preparing for the availability of clinical trial data and meeting enrollment goals for our clinical trials. Our organization and compensation committee determined that Dr. Santillana far exceeded expectations with respect to the achievement of his individual performance objectives and met expectations with respect to the embodiment of our values and expected behaviors, which made him eligible for a cash bonus of up to 125% of his target cash bonus. Our organization and compensation committee ultimately decided to give Dr. Santillana a cash bonus equal to 120% of his target cash bonus based on having far exceeded certain enrollment goals for our clinical trials.

The following table sets forth each of Dr. Peters’, Ms. Franchi’s, Dr. Drummond’s, Mr. Munsie’s and Dr. Santillana’s target cash bonus (both as a percentage of 2017 base salary and in actual dollars), actual cash bonus paid and actual cash bonus paid as a percentage of target cash bonus:

Name

 

2017 Base

Salary

($)

 

 

Target

Cash

Bonus

Percentage

 

 

Target

Cash

Bonus

($)

 

 

Actual

Cash

Bonus

($)

 

 

Actual

Cash

Bonus as

Percentage

of Target

Cash Bonus

 

Richard Peters

 

 

700,000

 

 

 

65

%

 

 

410,123

 

(1)

 

533,160

 

 

 

130

%

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

400,000

 

 

 

35

%

 

 

51,014

 

(2)

 

53,564

 

 

 

105

%

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

272,580

 

 

 

35

%

 

 

88,532

 

(3)

 

99,393

 

 

 

112

%

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

360,000

 

 

 

35

%

 

 

126,000

 

 

 

132,300

 

 

 

105

%

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

375,000

 

 

 

35

%

 

 

72,997

 

(4)

 

87,596

 

 

 

120

%

(1)

Dr. Peters’ target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on his start date of February 6, 2017.

(2)

Ms. Franchi’s target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on her start date of August 21, 2017.

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(3)

Dr. Drummond’s target cash bonus for 2017 reflects (i) a target cash bonus percentage of 35% based on a base salary of $272,580 for the period beginning on March 31, 2017 when he became an executive officer and (ii) a target cash bonus percentage of 27% based on a base salary of $247,800 for the period before he became an executive officer.

(4)

Dr. Santillana’s target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on his start date of June 12, 2017.

In addition, on March 30, 2017, our organization and compensation committee approved payment of a retention bonus of $350,000 to each of Dr. Al-Wakeel and Mr. Munsie in order to incentivize them to remain with us for a period of time following our asset sale to Ipsen. Under the terms of the retention bonuses, (i) if either of them terminates his employment with us on or before December 31, 2017 without Good Reason (as definedCompany’s non-employee director compensation policy, as described below in each of their employment agreements) or we terminate either of their employment on or before December 31, 2017 for Cause (as defined in each of their employment agreements), Dr. Al-Wakeel or Mr. Munsie, as applicable, will be required to repay two-thirds of such amount, minus any applicable taxes and withholding that he was required to pay with respect to such amount, within 60 days after his termination, and (ii) if either of them terminates his employment with us on or after January 1, 2018 but on or before June 30, 2018 without Good Reason or we terminate either of their employment on or after January 1, 2018 but on or before June 30, 2018 for Cause, Dr. Al-Wakeel or Mr. Munsie, as applicable, will be required to repay one-third of such amount, minus any applicable taxes and withholding that he was required to pay with respect to such amount, within 60 days after his termination. Dr. Al-Wakeel resigned from Merrimack in June 2017 and repaid two-thirds of such amount, minus any applicable taxes and withholding that he was required to pay with respect to such amount, in accordance with the terms of the retention bonus. Mr. Munsie will not be required to repay any portion of the retention bonus if he terminates his employment with us at any time for Good Reason or if we terminate his employment at any time without Cause.“Director Compensation Arrangements.”

Equity incentive awards

Our equity award program is the primary vehicle for offering long-term incentives to our executives. While we do not currently have any equity ownership guidelines for our executives, we believe that equity grants provide our executives with a strong link to our long-term performance, create an ownership culture and help to align the interests of our executives and our stockholders. Because our executives profit from stock options only if our stock price increases relative to the stock option’s exercise price, we believe that stock options provide meaningful incentives to our executives to achieve increases in the value of our stock over time. In addition, the vesting feature of our equity grants contributes to executive retention by providing an incentive to our executives to remain employed by us during the vesting period. During 2017, all stock options were granted pursuant to our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. Under our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, our employees and executive officers are eligible to receive grants of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based equity awards at the discretion of our organization and compensation committee.

We use stock options to compensate our executive officers both in the form of initial grants in connection with the commencement of employment and generally on an annual basis thereafter. Our organization and compensation committee may also make additional discretionary grants, typically in connection with the promotion of an employee, to reward an employee, for retention purposes or for other circumstances recommended by management. Typically, the stock options we grant to our executive officers vest quarterly over a three year period. Vesting and exercise rights cease shortly after termination of employment, except in the case of death or disability. Prior to the exercise of an option, the holder has no rights as a stockholder with respect to the shares subject to such option, including voting rights or the right to receive dividends or dividend equivalents.

The exercise price of all stock options granted since the closing of our initial public offering is equal to the fair market value of shares of our common stock on the date of grant, which generally is determined by reference to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. It is our intention to grant equity awards annually.

In determining the size of the annual stock option grants to our executive officers, our organization and compensation committee considers recommendations developed by our compensation consultant, including information regarding comparative stock ownership of and equity grants received by the executives in our peer group and our industry. In addition, our organization and compensation committee considers our corporate performance, the potential for enhancing the creation of value for our stockholders, the amount of equity previously awarded to the executives and the vesting of such awards.

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On May 26, 2017, we paid a special cash dividend (the “special dividend”) of approximately $1.055 per outstanding share of common stock. As required by our 1999 Stock Option Plan, as amended, our 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, equitable adjustments were made in June 2017 to all awards outstanding under such plans at the time of the special dividend. As a result, the exercise prices of outstanding stock options were reduced and the number of shares subject to such options was increased. All numbers of shares issuable and exercise prices for stock option awards in this proxy statement reflect the equitable adjustment described above.

On September 5, 2017, we filed an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to effect a one-for-ten reverse stock split of our issued and outstanding common stock (the “reverse split”), and on September 6, 2017, the reverse split was effective for trading purposes. As a result of the reverse split, every ten shares of common stock issued and outstanding was converted into one share of common stock. All outstanding stock options were also adjusted as a result of the reverse split. All numbers of shares issuable and exercise prices for stock option awards in this proxy statement reflect the reverse split.

2017 grants

In June 2017, as part of our annual grant process, our organization and compensation committee granted an option to purchase 45,000 shares of our common stock to Dr. Drummond and an option to purchase 55,000 shares of our common stock to Mr. Munsie. Each of these options vests quarterly over a three year period and has an exercise price of $14.50, the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

In granting these annual options, our organization and compensation committee considered the significant restructuring that Merrimack had undergone in connection with our asset sale to Ipsen, which had been completed in April 2017, and that the exercise prices of most of Dr. Drummond’s and all of Mr. Munsie’s outstanding stock options were below the then-current market price of our common stock. As such, based on the recommendation of our President and Chief Executive Officer, our organization and compensation committee determined that it would be appropriate to provide Dr. Drummond and Mr. Munsie with a larger annual option grant that was more in line with an initial grant in connection with the commencement of employment. Our organization and compensation committee determined that the appropriate size of initial grant for executive officers (other than the Chief Executive Officer) was 45,000 shares of our common stock, except that it determined to grant Mr. Munsie an option to purchase 55,000 shares of our common stock because he was serving a dual role of both General Counsel and Head of Corporate Operations.

Also in June 2017, our organization and compensation committee granted an option to purchase 200,000 shares of our common stock to Dr. Peters in connection with him joining Merrimack. This option vested 25% on February 6, 2018 and the remainder vests quarterly over the three year period following such date, and has an exercise price of $14.50, the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

Also in June 2017, our organization and compensation committee granted an option to purchase 45,000 shares of our common stock to Dr. Santillana in connection with him joining Merrimack. This option vested 16.7% on December 12, 2017 and the remainder vests quarterly over the 2.5 year period following such date, and has an exercise price of $13.50, the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

In August 2017, our organization and compensation committee granted an option to purchase 45,000 shares of our common stock to Ms. Franchi in connection with her joining Merrimack. This option vested 16.7% on February 21, 2018 and the remainder vests quarterly over the 2.5 year period following such date, and has an exercise price of $13.20, the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

Mr. Crocker did not receive an option grant during 2017 for his service as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. Please refer to “Director Compensation” below for information regarding the option grant that Mr. Crocker received as a member of our board of directors.

Dr. Al-Wakeel was not eligible for an option grant during 2017 because he resigned from Merrimack in June 2017.

24


Benefits and other compensation

We believe that establishing competitive benefit packages for our employees is an important factor in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. We maintain broad-based benefits that are provided to all employees, including medical insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, group life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, long and short term disability insurance, medical and dependent care flexible spending accounts, work welfare stipends and matching contributions in our 401(k) plan. All of our executive officers are eligible to participate in all of our employee benefit plans, in each case on the same basis as other employees. Under our 401(k) plan, we are permitted to make discretionary contributions and matching contributions, subject to established limits and a vesting schedule. Currently, we generally match 50% of employee contributions up to a maximum contribution by us of 3% of the employee’s deferrable income, subject to employer match limitations by the Internal Revenue Service. The match and any earnings thereon generally vest at 25% per year over the first four years of an employee’s employment, after which, any match that is contributed is 100% vested. We also provide each employee, including our executive officers, with an annual $1,250 work welfare stipend that can be used to pay for services such as personal professional development, public transportation passes, gym memberships and medical insurance co-pays. In addition, we subsidize $15 per month of the membership fee to the gym in our office complex for all employees, including our executive officers. Our executive officers are also entitled to supplemental long-term disability insurance coverage that is not available to our other employees. Consistent with our compensation philosophy, we intend to continue to maintain our current benefits for our executive officers. The organization and compensation committee in its discretion may revise, amend or add to the executive officer’s benefits and perquisites if it deems it advisable.

In particular circumstances, we sometimes award cash signing bonuses when executive officers first join us. Such cash signing bonuses typically must be repaid in full, minus any applicable taxes and withholding that the executive was required to pay with respect to such amount, if the executive officer voluntarily terminates employment with us prior to the first anniversary of the date of hire. Whether a signing bonus is paid and the amount of the bonus is determined on a case-by-case basis under the specific hiring circumstances. For example, we will consider paying signing bonuses to compensate for amounts forfeited by an executive upon terminating prior employment, to assist with relocation expenses or to create additional incentive for an executive to join Merrimack in a position where there is high market demand. Please refer to “—Summary Compensation Table” below for information regarding signing bonuses paid to Dr. Peters and Ms. Franchi upon their joining Merrimack.

Severance and change in control benefits

Pursuant to employment agreements we have entered into with our executive officers, our executive officers are entitled to specified benefits in the event of the termination of their employment under specified circumstances, including termination following a change in control of Merrimack. Please refer to “—Employment Agreements” for a more detailed discussion of these benefits. We have provided estimates of the value of the severance payments and other benefits that would have been made or provided to executive officers under various termination circumstances under the caption “—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

We believe that providing these benefits helps us compete for executive talent. After reviewing the practices of companies represented in our peer group, we believe that our severance and change in control benefits are generally in line with severance packages offered to executives of the companies in our peer group.

We have structured our change in control benefits as “double trigger” benefits. In other words, the change in control does not itself trigger benefits. Rather, benefits are paid only if the employment of the executive officer is terminated during a specified period after the change in control. We believe that a “double trigger” benefit maximizes stockholder value because it prevents an unintended windfall to executive officers in the event of a friendly change in control, while still providing them appropriate incentives to cooperate in negotiating any change in control in which they believe they may lose their jobs.

Organization and Compensation Committee Report

The organization and compensation committee of the board of directors of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with Merrimack’s management. Based on such review and discussions, the organization and compensation committee recommended to the board of directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement.

25


By the organization and compensation committee of the board of directors of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

George D. Demetri

John M. Dineen

Vivian S. Lee

Risk Considerations in Our Compensation Program

Our organization and compensation committee has reviewed and evaluated the philosophy and standards on which our compensation plans have been developed and implemented across Merrimack. It is our belief that our compensation programs do not encourage inappropriate actions or risk taking by our executive officers. We do not believe that any risks arising from our employee compensation policies and practices are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Merrimack. In addition, we do not believe that the mix and design of the components of our executive compensation program encourage management to assume excessive risks. We believe that our current business process and planning cycle fosters the behaviors and controls that would mitigate the potential for adverse risk caused by the action of our executives, including the following:

annual establishment of corporate and individual objectives for our performance-based cash bonus programs for our executive officers that are consistent with our annual operating and strategic plans, that are designed to achieve the proper risk/reward balance, and that should not require excessive risk taking to achieve;

the mix between fixed and variable, annual and long-term and cash and equity compensation are designed to encourage strategies and actions that balance our short-term and long-term best interests; and

stock option awards vest over a period of time, which we believe encourages executives to take a long-term view of our business.

Limits on Hedging and Pledging

As part of our insider trading policy, all employees, including executive officers, and members of our board of directors are prohibited from engaging in certain types of hedging transactions involving our securities, specifically short sales, including short sales “against the box,” and purchases or sales of puts, calls or other derivative securities. Our insider trading policy also prohibits certain types of pledges of our securities by all employees, including executive officers, and members of our board of directors, specifically purchases of our securities on margin, borrowing against our securities held in a margin account or pledging our securities as collateral for a loan, with an exception for pledges of our securities as collateral for a loan only after certain prerequisites are met and only with the pre-approval of our Chief Financial Officer or General Counsel.

Tax and Accounting Considerations

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, generally disallows a tax deduction to public companies for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to each of the company’s chief executive officer and the three most highly compensated executive officers (other than the chief executive officer and chief financial officer). Pursuant to tax legislation signed into law on December 22, 2017, or the Tax Act, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Section 162(m) deduction limitation is expanded so that it also applies to compensation in excess of $1 million paid to a public company’s chief financial officer. Historically, compensation that qualified under Section 162(m) as performance-based compensation was exempt from the deduction limitation. However, subject to certain transition rules, the Tax Act eliminated the qualified performance-based compensation exception. As a result, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, all compensation in excess of $1 million paid to each of the executives described above (other than certain grandfathered compensation or compensation paid pursuant to certain equity awards granted during the transition period following our IPO) will not be deductible by us.

26


We account for equity compensation paid to our employees in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation—StockCompensation, or ASC 718, which requires us to measure and recognize compensation expense in our financial statements for all stock-based payments based on an estimate of their fair value over the service period of the award. We record cash compensation as an expense at the time the obligation is accrued.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our named executive officers during 2015, 2016 and 2017.

 

 

 

 

Salary

 

 

Bonus

 

 

 

Option

Awards

 

 

 

Non-Equity

Incentive Plan

Compensation

 

 

All Other

Compensation

 

 

 

Total

 

Name and Principal Position

 

Year

 

($)

 

 

($)

 

 

 

($)(1)

 

 

 

($)(2)

 

 

($)(3)

 

 

 

($)

 

Richard Peters (4)

 

2017

 

 

619,231

 

 

 

900,000

 

(5)

 

 

1,710,400

 

 

 

 

533,160

 

 

 

15,433

 

 

 

 

3,778,224

 

President and Chief Executive

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gary L. Crocker (6)

 

2017

 

 

31,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

67,552

 

(7)

 

 

 

 

 

76,722

 

(8)

 

 

175,274

 

Chairman of the Board and

   former Interim

 

2016

 

 

63,368

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

175,928

 

(7)

 

 

 

 

 

70,633

 

(8)

 

 

309,929

 

President and Chief

   Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jean M. Franchi (9)

 

2017

 

 

138,462

 

 

 

100,000

 

(10)

 

 

346,784

 

 

 

 

53,564

 

 

 

1,781

 

 

 

 

640,591

 

Chief Financial Officer and

   Treasurer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel (11)

 

2017

 

 

179,308

 

 

 

116,667

 

(12)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,891

 

 

 

 

301,866

 

Former Chief Financial

   Officer and Head

 

2016

 

 

369,096

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

340,977

 

 

 

 

129,500

 

 

 

8,636

 

 

 

 

848,209

 

of Corporate Development

 

2015

 

 

145,002

 

 

 

100,000

 

(13)

 

 

1,820,880

 

 

 

 

129,500

 

 

 

90,017

 

 

 

 

2,285,399

 

Daryl C. Drummond (14)

 

2017

 

 

263,376

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

390,240

 

 

 

 

99,393

 

 

 

11,612

 

 

 

 

764,621

 

Head of Research

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie (15)

 

2017

 

 

338,706

 

 

 

350,000

 

(16)

 

 

476,960

 

 

 

 

132,300

 

 

 

13,368

 

 

 

 

1,311,334

 

General Counsel, Head of

   Corporate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operations and Secretary

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sergio L. Santillana (17)

 

2017

 

 

201,923

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

355,815

 

 

 

 

87,596

 

 

 

6,927

 

 

 

 

652,261

 

Chief Medical Officer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

The amounts in the “Option Awards” column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options granted during the year computed in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, excluding the impact of estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions (which in our case were none). The assumptions that we used to calculate these amounts are discussed in Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

(2)

The amounts in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column represent awards to our named executive officers under our annual cash bonus program.

(3)

The amounts in the “All Other Compensation” column represent the value of perquisites and other personal benefits, which are further detailed below for 2017.

27


Name

 

401(k)

Match

($)

 

 

Group Life

and

Disability

Insurance

Premium

($)

 

 

Stipend

($)(a)

 

 

Total

($)

 

Richard Peters

 

 

4,846

 

 

 

9,337

 

 

 

1,250

 

 

 

15,433

 

Gary L. Crocker

 

 

 

 

 

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

62

 

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

923

 

 

 

208

 

 

 

650

 

 

 

1,781

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel

 

 

5,614

 

 

 

277

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,891

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

9,000

 

 

 

1,362

 

 

 

1,250

 

 

 

11,612

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

7,633

 

 

 

4,485

 

 

 

1,250

 

 

 

13,368

 

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

5,654

 

 

 

323

 

 

 

950

 

 

 

6,927

 

(a)

Represents the value of the work welfare stipend provided to the named executive officer, as described in “—Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Components of Our Executive Compensation Program—Benefits and other compensation.”

(4)

Dr. Peters’ start date was February 6, 2017.

(5)

Reflects a signing bonus paid to Dr. Peters upon joining Merrimack to partially compensate him for benefits that he forfeited as a result of leaving his previous employment.

(6)

Mr. Crocker, our Chairman of the Board, also served as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 3, 2016 to February 6, 2017.

(7)

Reflects the grant date fair value of an option award granted to Mr. Crocker for his service on our board of directors.

(8)

Includes the $76,660 and $70,633 of fees earned or paid to Mr. Crocker in 2017 and 2016, respectively, for his service on our board of directors before and after serving as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017.

(9)

Ms. Franchi’s start date was August 21, 2017.

(10)

Reflects a signing bonus paid to Ms. Franchi upon joining Merrimack.

(11)

Dr. Al-Wakeel resigned from Merrimack in June 2017.

(12)

Reflects a retention bonus paid to Dr. Al-Wakeel in April 2017 in connection with our asset sale to Ipsen.

(13)

Reflects a signing bonus paid to Dr. Al-Wakeel upon joining Merrimack.

(14)

Dr. Drummond became an executive officer in March 2017.

(15)

Mr. Munsie became an executive officer in March 2017.

(16)

Reflects a retention bonus paid to Mr. Munsie in April 2017 in connection with our asset sale to Ipsen.

(17)

Dr. Santillana’s start date was June 12, 2017.

28


2017 Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

The following table sets forth information regarding grants of plan-based awards to our named executive officers during 2017. All equity awards were issued under our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimated Possible Payouts

Under Non-Equity Incentive

Plan Awards

 

 

All Other

Option

Awards:

Number of

Securities

Underlying

 

 

 

Exercise or

Base Price

of Option

 

 

Grant

Date Fair

Value of

Option

 

Name

 

Grant Date

 

 

Threshold

($)

 

 

Target

($)(1)

 

 

 

Maximum

($)

 

 

Options

(#)

 

 

 

Awards

($/share)(2)

 

 

Awards

($)(3)

 

Richard Peters

 

6/6/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

200,000

 

 

 

 

14.50

 

 

 

1,710,400

 

 

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

410,123

 

(4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gary L. Crocker (5)

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,625

 

(6)

 

 

13.99

 

 

 

67,552

 

Jean M. Franchi

 

8/24/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

45,000

 

 

 

 

13.20

 

 

 

346,784

 

 

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

51,014

 

(7)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel (8)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

6/6/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

44,999

 

 

 

 

14.50

 

 

 

390,240

 

 

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

88,532

 

(9)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

6/6/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54,999

 

 

 

 

14.50

 

 

 

476,960

 

 

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

126,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sergio L. Santillana

 

6/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

45,000

 

 

 

 

13.50

 

 

 

355,815

 

 

 

9/13/2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

72,997

 

(10)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

The target amounts in the “Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards” column represent the amount determined by our board of directors as the target annual cash bonus payable to each named executive officer for 2017.

(2)

The exercise price per share of each option award is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant.

(3)

The amounts in the “Grant Date Fair Value of Option Awards” column reflect the grant date fair value of option awards granted in 2017 calculated in accordance with ASC 718.

(4)

Dr. Peters’ target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on his start date of February 6, 2017.

(5)

Mr. Crocker was not eligible for an annual cash bonus for 2017 for his service as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer.

(6)

Represents the option award granted to Mr. Crocker for his service on our board of directors.

(7)

Ms. Franchi’s target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on her start date of August 21, 2017.

(8)

Dr. Al-Wakeel was not eligible for an equity award or annual cash bonus for 2017 because he resigned from Merrimack in June 2017.

(9)

Dr. Drummond’s target cash bonus for 2017 reflects (i) a target cash bonus percentage of 35% based on a base salary of $272,580 for the period beginning on March 31, 2017 when he became an executive officer and (ii) a target cash bonus percentage of 27% based on a base salary of $247,800 for the period before he became an executive officer.

(10)

Dr. Santillana’s target cash bonus for 2017 was prorated based on his start date of June 12, 2017.

29


Outstanding Equity Awards at 2017 Year End

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding stock options held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2017.

 

Option Awards

 

Name

 

Number of

Securities

Underlying

Unexercised

Options

(#)

Exercisable

 

 

Number of

Securities

Underlying

Unexercised

Options

(#)

Unexercisable

 

 

 

Option

Exercise

Price

($/share)

 

 

Option

Expiration

Date

 

Richard Peters

 

 

 

 

 

200,000

 

(1)

 

 

14.50

 

 

6/5/2027

 

Gary L. Crocker

 

 

6,872

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.30

 

 

9/22/2018

 

 

 

 

9,817

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.80

 

 

11/5/2019

 

 

 

 

13,008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28.30

 

 

5/3/2021

 

 

 

 

6,204

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

38.40

 

 

8/22/2022

 

 

 

 

7,428

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

27.60

 

 

6/10/2023

 

 

 

 

7,428

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

33.80

 

 

5/13/2024

 

 

 

 

3,436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

60.60

 

 

5/13/2025

 

 

 

 

9,719

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

31.70

 

 

6/14/2026

 

 

 

 

8,625

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.99

 

 

9/12/2027

 

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

 

 

 

45,000

 

(2)

 

 

13.20

 

 

8/23/2027

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

15,708

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.80

 

 

2/1/2020

 

 

 

 

5,399

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.70

 

 

10/15/2020

 

 

 

 

3,927

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28.30

 

 

5/3/2021

 

 

 

 

2,768

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

38.40

 

 

8/22/2022

 

 

 

 

9,816

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.40

 

 

3/11/2023

 

 

 

 

5,889

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25.60

 

 

2/10/2024

 

 

 

 

5,849

 

 

 

532

 

(3)

 

 

46.30

 

 

2/8/2025

 

 

 

 

4,809

 

 

 

3,418

 

(4)

 

 

27.70

 

 

2/7/2026

 

 

 

 

7,498

 

 

 

37,501

 

(5)

 

 

14.50

 

 

6/5/2027

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

17,576

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

28.30

 

 

5/3/2021

 

 

 

 

1,963

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

34.70

 

 

6/12/2022

 

 

 

 

2,768

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

38.40

 

 

8/22/2022

 

 

 

 

6,381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.40

 

 

3/11/2023

 

 

 

 

6,871

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25.60

 

 

2/10/2024

 

 

 

 

5,398

 

 

 

491

 

(3)

 

 

46.30

 

 

2/8/2025

 

 

 

 

6,871

 

 

 

4,909

 

(4)

 

 

27.70

 

 

2/7/2026

 

 

 

 

9,166

 

 

 

45,833

 

(5)

 

 

14.50

 

 

6/5/2027

 

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

7,499

 

 

 

37,501

 

(6)

 

 

13.50

 

 

6/12/2027

 

(1)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest as to 1/4th of the total number of shares granted on February 6, 2018 and an additional 1/16th of the total number of shares granted at the end of each successive three month period thereafter until February 6, 2021.

(2)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest as to 1/6th of the total number of shares granted on February 21, 2018 and an additional 1/12th of the total number of shares granted at the end of each successive three month period thereafter until August 21, 2020.

(3)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest in approximately equal quarterly installments through February 9, 2018.

(4)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest in approximately equal quarterly installments through February 8, 2019.

30


(5)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest in approximately equal quarterly installments through June 6, 2020.

(6)

The unvested shares under this option are scheduled to vest in approximately equal quarterly installments through June 12, 2020.

2017 Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table

The following table sets forth information regarding stock options exercised by our named executive officers during 2017.

 

 

Option Awards

 

Name

 

Number of

Shares

Acquired on

Exercise

(#)

 

 

Value Realized

on Exercise

($)

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

409

 

 

 

3,929

 

In 2017, none of our named executive officers held any restricted stock that was subject to vesting.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table contains information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2017.2022. As of December 31, 2017,2022, we had three equity compensation plans, all of which were approved by our stockholders: our 1999 Stock Option Plan, as amended, our 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, and our 2021 Stock Incentive Plan. Both the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan are no longer eligible to issue new equity options.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Plan category

 

Number of securities

to be issued upon

exercise of

outstanding

options, warrants

and rights

 

 

Weighted- average

exercise price of

outstanding

options, warrants

and rights

 

 

Number of securities

remaining available

for future issuance

under equity

compensation

plans (excluding

securities

reflected in

column (a))

 

  Number of securities
to be issued
upon exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
   Weighted-average
exercise price
of outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
   Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))
 

 

(a)

(b)

(c)

 

  (a)   (b)   (c) 

Equity compensation plans approved by

security holders

 

 

1,616,250

 

 

$

22.07

 

 

437,524 (1)

 

   824,000   $12.38    253,000(1) 

Equity compensation plans not approved by

security holders

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   —      —      —   

Total

 

 

1,616,250

 

 

$

22.07

 

 

437,524 (1)

 

   824,000   $12.38    253,000(1) 

(1)

Reflects the total number of shares of our common stock available for future issuance under our 20112021 Stock Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2017. Our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan contains an “evergreen” provision, which allows for an annual increase in the number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under the plan on the first day of each fiscal year. The annual increase in the number of shares is equal to the lowest of: (i) 450,000 shares of our common stock; (ii) 3.5% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the first day of the fiscal year; and (iii) an amount determined by our board of directors. On2022. No additional options have been granted from January 1, 2018, 450,000 shares2023 through the date of our common stock were added to our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan pursuant to this provision.proxy statement.

31


Employment Agreements

We were previously a party to an employment agreement with Dr. Al-Wakeel prior to his resignation. We did not enter into an employment agreement with Mr. Crocker for his service as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer.

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our other named executive officers. Each of these agreements renews automatically on December 31 of each year for successive one year terms, unless either we or the named executive officer gives notice of non-renewal.

These employment agreements, and the non-disclosure, developments, non-competition and non-solicitation agreements that are incorporated therein, prohibit our named executive officers, during the term of employment and for a period of one year thereafter (or during the term of employment, any severance period and for a period of one year thereafter for Mr. Munsie), from competing with us and soliciting or hiring our employees.

Pursuant to the terms of these employment agreements, our named executive officers currently receive the following base salaries, which have been adjusted by our organization and compensation committee and board of directors since our named executive officers originally entered into the employment agreements, and are eligible for the following bonus percentages.

Name

 

2018 Base Salary

($)(1)

 

 

2018 Bonus

Percentage

 

Richard Peters

 

 

722,084

 

 

 

65

%

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

402,915

 

 

 

35

%

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

276,717

 

 

 

35

%

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

367,200

 

 

 

35

%

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

379,171

 

 

 

35

%

(1)

Amount reflects adjustment made by our organization and compensation committee and board of directors effective as of January 1, 2018.

Upon execution and effectiveness of a severance agreement and release of claims, each named executive officer is entitled to severance payments if we terminate the named executive officer’s employment without cause, as defined in the employment agreement, including our decision not to renew the named executive officer’s term of employment, or the named executive officer terminates employment with us for good reason, as defined in the employment agreement.

If a named executive officer’s employment terminates under these circumstances, in each case prior to a change in control, as defined in the employment agreement, we are obligated for a period of 12 months to pay such named executive officer his or her base salary and pay for coverage for such named executive officer under any company sponsored insurance and benefit programs available to our senior management employees. In addition, we would be obligated to pay to each of our named executive officers a pro-rata bonus for the portion of the year in which such named executive officer was employed by us based on his or her average annual bonus payments over each of the three years prior to the year of termination, or such lesser period during which such named executive officer served as one of our executive officers.

If a named executive officer’s employment terminates under these circumstances, in each case within 18 months following a change in control, we are obligated to pay such named executive officer a lump sum amount equal to 36 months of his or her base salary plus a bonus equal to three times the average of his or her annual bonus payments over each of the three years prior to the year of termination, or such lesser period during which such named executive officer served as one of our executive officers, accelerate the vesting of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock or other equity awards granted to the named executive officer and pay for coverage for such named executive officer under any company sponsored insurance and benefit programs available to our senior management employees for a period of 18 months.

32


In the event of termination of the named executive officer’s employment due to death (other than for Mr. Munsie) or disability, the named executive officer (or his or her estate in the event of death) will be eligible to receive a pro-rata bonus for the portion of the year in which such named executive officer was employed by us based on his or her average annual bonus payments over each of the three years prior to the year of termination, or such lesser period during which such named executive officer served as one of our executive officers.

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

The following tables set forth information regarding potential payments that each named executive officer who was serving as an executive officer as of December 31, 2017 would have received if the named executive officer’s employment had terminated as of December 31, 2017 under the circumstances set forth below. Mr. Crocker was not eligible to receive any such payments for his service as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. Dr. Al-Wakeel, who resigned from Merrimack in June 2017, is not eligible to receive the payments described below.

 

 

Termination Without Cause

or For Good Reason Prior to

a Change in Control

 

 

 

Cash

Payment

 

 

Value of

Benefits

 

Name

 

($)

 

 

($)

 

Richard Peters

 

 

1,069,673

 

 

 

15,555

 

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

418,589

 

 

 

31,879

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

361,112

 

 

 

21,016

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

486,000

 

 

 

20,794

 

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

415,598

 

 

 

2,922

 

 

 

Termination Without Cause or for Good

Reason Within 18 Months Following a

Change in Control

 

 

 

Cash Payment

 

 

Value of

Stock

Options

with

Accelerated

Vesting

 

 

Value of Benefits

 

Name

 

($)

 

 

($)(1)

 

 

($)

 

Richard Peters

 

 

3,209,018

 

 

 

 

 

 

23,332

 

Jean M. Franchi

 

 

1,255,766

 

 

 

 

 

 

47,818

 

Daryl C. Drummond

 

 

1,083,336

 

 

 

 

 

 

31,524

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie

 

 

1,458,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

31,190

 

Sergio L. Santillana

 

 

1,246,795

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,384

 

(1)

The amounts in the “Value of Stock Options with Accelerated Vesting” column represent the value of unvested stock options, calculated by multiplying the number of shares subject to the accelerated portion of the option by the amount (if any) by which $10.25, the closing market price of our common stock on December 29, 2017, exceeds the exercise price of such option.

Termination for

Death/Disability

Cash Payment

Name

($)

Richard Peters

369,673

Jean M. Franchi

18,589

Daryl C. Drummond

88,532

Jeffrey A. Munsie (1)

126,000

Sergio L. Santillana

40,598

(1)

Mr. Munsie is not eligible for a cash payment upon termination of his employment due to death.

33


Pension Benefits

We do not maintain any defined benefit pension plans.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

We do not maintain any nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

401(k) Plan

We maintain a defined contribution employee retirement plan for our former employees. We currently have no employees and our day to day operations are managed principally by outside consultants. As we have no employees, we have not matched employee contributions since 2019 and we do not anticipate hiring employees in the future. Our 401(k) plan is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified plan under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, so that contributions to our 401(k) plan, and income earned on such contributions, are not taxable to participants until withdrawn or distributed from the 401(k) plan. Our 401(k) plan provides that each participant may contribute up to 100% of his or her pre-tax compensation, up to a statutory limit, which was $18,000 for 2017. Participants who are at least 50 years old can also make “catch-up” contributions, which in 2017 was up to an additional $6,000 above the statutory limit. Under our 401(k) plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her deferred salary contributions. Employee contributions are held and invested by the plan’s trustee. Our 401(k) plan also permits us to make discretionary contributions and matching contributions, subject to established limits and a vesting schedule. For 2017,However, we generally matched 50% of employeehave not made contributions up to a maximum contribution by us of 3% of the employee’s deferrable income, subject401(k) plan since 2019. Our only costs associated with the 401(k) plan relate to employer match limitations byadministration fees to maintain the Internal Revenue Service. 401(k) plan for former employees who maintain retirement accounts in our 401(k) plan.

Pay Versus Performance Information

The match and any earnings thereon generally vest at 25% per year overfollowing table sets forth information concerning the first four years of an employee’s employment, after which, any match that is contributed is 100% vested.

CEO Pay Ratio

Following is a reasonable estimate, prepared under applicable SEC rules, of the ratio of the annual total compensation of Dr. Peters, our Presidentprincipal executive officer, or “PEO,” and, Chief Executive Officer, toon an average basis, the median of the annual total compensation of our other employees. We determined our median employee based on the salary and target cash bonusnamed executive officers, or “NEOs,” for 2017 of each of our employees (excluding Dr. Peters) as ofthe fiscal years ending December 31, 2017 (annualized in2022 and 2021, as such compensation relates to our financial performance for each such fiscal year. For purposes of this table, we have provided information regarding compensation received by Mr. Crocker as the case of full- and part-time employees who joined the company during 2017). The annual total compensationnon-executive chairman of our median employee for 2017 was $244,655. As disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table, the total compensation for 2017 for Dr. Peters was $3,778,224. Because Dr. Peters was not servingboard of directors. Mr. Crocker receives no salary or other benefits as non-executive chairman of our President and Chief Executive Officer for allboard of 2017, we have annualized his base salary, annual bonus compensation, and perquisites and other personal benefits (other than stipend), but not his one-time signing bonus or his options award, resulting in an annualized 2017 compensation of $3,909,819. Based on the foregoing, our estimate of the ratio of the annualized total compensation of Dr. Peters to the median of the annual total compensation of all other employees was 16.0 to 1. Given the different methodologies that various public companies will use to determine an estimate of their pay ratio, we do not believe the estimated ratio reported above should be used as a basis for comparison between companies.directors.

34


Year

 Summary
Compensation
Table Total
for PEO(1)
  Compensation
Actually Paid
to PEO(1)(2)(3)
  Average
Summary
Compensation
Table Total for
Non-PEO
NEO’s(1)
  Average
Compensation
Actually Paid to
Non-PEO
NEO’s(1)(2)
  Value of Initial Fixed $100
Investment(4) Based on:
  Net
Loss(5)
  Company-
Total
Operating
Expenses(5)
 
 Total
Shareholder
Return
  Peer Group
Total
Shareholder
Return
 

2022

 $105,437  $608,052   n/a   n/a  $166.32   *  $1,455  $1,729 

2021

 $89,667  $(209,208  n/a   n/a  $56.75   *  $2,455  $2,472 

*

Not required for smaller reporting companies

(1)

For each of 2022 and 2021, the PEO is Gary L. Crocker, Chief Executive Officer. There are no non-PEO NEOs employed by us.

(2)

We do not have pensions; therefore, an adjustment to the Summary Compensation Table (SCT) totals related to pension value for any of the years in this table is not needed.

(3)

Compensation Actually Paid (CAP) to the PEO reflects director fees paid in cash and both the fair value of non-qualified stock options received as non-executive chair of the board of directors during the year and the change in fair value of options at the end of the covered fiscal year from the fair value of the options at the end of the prior fiscal year (whether positive or negative). Mr. Crocker does not receive a base salary or other benefits. Compensation actually paid to the PEO in 2022 includes a $502,615 increase in the fair value of options held at December 31, 2022 compared to the fair value of those options in 2021. Compensation actually paid to the PEO in 2021 includes a $298,875 decrease in the fair value of options held at December 31, 2021 compared to the fair value of those options in 2020. The PEO did not exercise any options in fiscal 2022 or fiscal 2021.

(4)

Total Shareholder Return assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, the closing price for our common stock was $6.89 per share. At December 31, 2021, the closing price for our common stock was $3.91 per share. At December 31, 2022, the closing price for our common stock was $11.46 per share.

(5)

Net loss and total operating expenses are each stated in thousands (000s).

DIRECTOR COMPENSATIONCOMPENSATION

Compensation for 20172022

The following table sets forth information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to each of our non-employee directors during the year ended December 31, 20172022 for their service on our board of directors. The compensation amounts presented in the table below are historical and are not indicative of the amounts we may pay our directors in the future. Richard Peters, our President and Chief Executive Officer, did not receive any compensation for his service as a director. The compensation that we pay to Dr. Peters is discussed under “Executive Compensation” above. Gary L. Crocker, our Chairman of the Board, also served as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer from October 2016 to February 2017. Mr. Crocker did not receive any compensation for his service as a director during such time. The compensation that we paid to Mr. Crocker during such time is discussed under “Executive Compensation” above.President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer.

 

 

 

Fees Earned

or Paid in

Cash

 

 

Option Awards

 

 

Total

 

Name

 

($)(1)

 

 

($)(2)

 

 

($)

 

Gary L. Crocker

 

 

76,660

 

 

 

67,552

 

 

 

144,212

 

George D. Demetri (3)

 

 

4,708

 

 

 

28,613

 

 

 

33,321

 

John M. Dineen

 

 

60,000

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

118,741

 

Vivian S. Lee

 

 

60,571

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

119,312

 

John Mendelsohn (4)

 

 

47,935

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

106,676

 

Ulrik B. Nielsen

 

 

45,000

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

103,741

 

Michael E. Porter

 

 

61,000

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

119,741

 

James H. Quigley

 

 

67,250

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

125,991

 

Russell T. Ray

 

 

57,000

 

 

 

58,741

 

 

 

115,741

 

Name  Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash
($) (1)
   Option
Awards
($) (2)
   All Other
Compensation
($)
   Total
($)
 

Eric D. Andersen (3)

   —      —      —      —   

Gary L. Crocker

   76,000    29,437    —      105,437 

Noah G. Levy (3)

   —      —      —      —   

Ulrik B. Nielsen

   72,500    25,758    —      98,258 

Ana Radeljevic

   37,250    25,758    —      63,008 

Russell T. Ray

   33,500    —      —      33,500 

 

(1)

Fees earned or paid in cash consist of:

for Mr. Crocker, $62,805$76,000 as a retainer for serving as Chairmannon-executive chairman of the Boardboard and $13,855 as a retainer forboard committee membership;

for Dr. Demetri, $4,035Nielsen, $72,500 as a retainer for board service and $673 as a retainer forboard committee membership;

for Mr. Dineen, $45,000Ms. Radeljevic, on an annual basis, $74,500 as a retainer for board service and $15,000board committee membership on an annualized basis. The amounts in the above table reflect Ms. Radeljevic’s service as a retainer for committee membership;director commencing June 6, 2022; and

for Dr. Lee, $45,000Mr. Ray, who served as a member of the Board from January 1, 2022 through June 5, 2022, $67,000 on an annual basis as a retainer for board service and $15,571 as a retainer for committee membership;

for Dr. Mendelsohn, $41,087 as a retainer for board service and $6,848 as a retainer for committee membership;

for Dr. Nielsen, $45,000 as a retainer for board service;

for Dr. Porter, $45,000 as a retainer for board service and $16,000 as a retainer for committee membership;

for Mr. Quigley, $45,000 as a retainer for board service and $22,250 as a retainer for committee membership; and

for Mr. Ray, $45,000 as a retainer for board service and $12,000 as a retainer for committee membership.

(2)

Amount reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of a stock option granted for service as a director. The grant date fair value was computed in accordance withOn June 6, 2022, the provisions of ASC 718 and treated for accounting purposesBoard awarded stock option grants as employee awards. The assumptions that we used to calculate this amount are discussed in Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.follows:

35


Gary L Crocker8,000

Ulrik B. Nielsen

7,000
Ana Radeljevic7,000

The grant date fair value was computed in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and treated for accounting purposes as employee awards. The assumptions that we used to calculate this amount are discussed in Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2017,2022, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock subject to each non-employee director’s outstanding option awards was as follows: Mr. Crocker, 72,537; Dr. Demetri, 4,890; Mr. Dineen, 18,555; Dr. Lee, 20,061; Dr. Mendelsohn, 34,759;93,374 (of which 80,374 were vested); Dr. Nielsen, 333,651; Dr. Porter, 39,667; Mr. Quigley, 34,759;200,433 (of which 196,433 were vested); and Mr. Ray, 19,685.Ms. Radeljevic, 7,000 (of which 3,500 were vested). Options granted in 2022 vest as follows: each such option vests as to 1/4th of the total number of shares on July 1, and an additional 1/4th of the total number of shares at the end of each successive three month period on the first day of each of the three successive calendar quarters thereafter, provided that such option shall vest in full on the date that is one business day prior to the date of the issuer’s next annual meeting of stockholders (if earlier than June 30, 2023).

(3)

Dr. Demetri joined our board on November 29, 2017.Pursuant to the terms of the Cooperation Agreement, Mr. Andersen and Mr. Levy have agreed to waive and forego any cash or stock compensation (other than expense reimbursement) for their services as directors.

(4)

Dr. Mendelsohn resigned from our board on November 29, 2017.

Director Compensation Arrangements

For 2017, our Our non-employee directors were compensated for their services to our board, effective July 1, 2022 and will continue to be compensated for their services to our board during 2023 through the date of the 2023 Annual Meeting, as follows:

an annual retainer for board service of $45,000 ($70,000$76,000 for the Chairman of the Board);

Board, $74,500 for membersMs. Radeljevic for board service and as chair of theour audit committee an additional annual retainerand $72,500 for Dr. Nielsen for board service and as chair of $12,000 ($22,250 for the committee chair);

for members of theour corporate governance and nominating committee, an additional annual retainer of $5,500 ($12,000 for the committee chair);committee;

for members of the organization and compensation committee, an additional annual retainer of $7,500 ($15,000 for the committee chair);

for members of the executive committee, an additional annual retainer of $4,000 ($6,000 for the committee chair); and

an annual stock option grant, granted in connection with each annual meeting of stockholders, to purchase 7,500 shares of our common stock (8,625 shares of our common stock for the Chairman of the Board), provided that if a non-employee director was elected to our board in between annual meetings of stockholders, such director received a stock option grant in connection with such election for a pro-rated portion of the annual amount. Because Dr. Demetri joined our board on November 29, 2017, his stock option grant was based on a pro-rated portion of the annual amount for 2018 (as discussed below).

For 2018, our non-employee directors will be compensated for their services to our board as follows:

an annual retainer for board service of $45,000 ($70,000 for the Chairman of the Board);

for members of the audit committee, an additional annual retainer of $12,000 ($22,250 for the committee chair);

for members of the corporate governance and nominating committee, an additional annual retainer of $5,500 ($12,000 for the committee chair);

for members of the organization and compensation committee, an additional annual retainer of $7,500 ($15,000 for the committee chair);

for members of the executive committee, no additional annual retainer; and

an annual stock option grant, granted in connection with each annual meeting of stockholders, to purchase 7,000 shares of our common stock (8,000 shares of our common stock for the Chairman of the Board), provided that if a non-employee director is elected to our board in between annual meetings of stockholders, such director will receive a stock option grant in connection with such election for a pro-rated portion of the annual amount.

In addition, we have reimbursed, and will continue to reimburse, our non-employee directors for their travel, lodging and other reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings of our board and committees of our board. No such travel expenses were incurred in 2022.

36Pursuant to the terms of the Cooperation Agreement, Mr. Andersen and Mr. Levy have agreed to waive and forego any cash or stock compensation (other than expense reimbursement) for their services as directors.


AUDIT-RELATEDAUDIT-RELATED MATTERS

Audit Committee Report

The audit committee of the board of directors of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has reviewed Merrimack’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172022 and discussed them with Merrimack’s management and PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP, Merrimack’s independent registered public accounting firm.firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The audit committee has received from, and discussed with, PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP various communications that PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP is required to provide to the audit committee, including the matters required to be discussed by AS 1301, Communications with Audit Committees, as adopted bythe applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

The audit committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent registered public accounting firm’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence, and has discussed with Merrimack’s independent registered public accounting firm its independence.

Based on the review and discussions referred to above, the audit committee recommended to Merrimack’s board of directors that the audited financial statements referred to above be included in Merrimack’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.2022.

By the audit committee of the board of directors of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

James H. QuigleyAna Radeljevic, Chair

Russell T. RayNoah G. Levy

Vivian S. Lee, M.D.,Ulrik B. Nielsen, Ph.D.

Audit Fees and Services

The following table summarizes the fees of PricewaterhouseCoopersthat Marcum LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, billed to us for each of the last two fiscal years.years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

 

 

2016

 

 

2017

 

Fee Category

 

($)

 

 

($)

 

  2022
($)
   2021
($)
 

Audit Fees (1)

 

 

632,500

 

 

 

1,067,000

 

   131,737    128,146 

Audit-Related Fees (2)

 

 

615,000

 

 

 

229,000

 

   —      —   

Tax Fees

 

 

 

 

 

 

   —      —   

All Other Fees (3)

 

 

1,814

 

 

 

900

 

   —      —   

Total Fees

 

 

1,249,314

 

 

 

1,296,900

 

   131,737    128,146 

 

(1)

Audit Fees are fees for the audit of our 20162022 and 20172021 consolidated financial statements including audits of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, reviews of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements and reviews of consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference into our outstanding registration statements. The increase from 2016 to 2017 primarily relates to procedures performed due to the asset sale to Ipsen.

(2)

Audit-Related Fees are fees that principally relate to assurance services that are also provided by our independent registered public accounting firm. In 2016, these fees include accounting consultations related to the asset sale to Ipsen. In 2017, these fees primarily include work related to filing our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 15, 2017.

(3)

All Other Fees for 2016 and 2017 consist of subscriptions to online accounting research tools.

All such accountant services and fees were pre-approved by our audit committee in accordance with the “Pre-Approval“Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” described below.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Our audit committee has adopted policies and procedures relating to the approval of all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. This policy generally provides that we will not engage our independent registered public accounting firm to render audit or non-audit

37


services unless the service is specifically approved in advance by our audit committee or the engagement is entered into pursuant to a de minimis exception in accordance with applicable SEC rules.

38


MATTERS TO BE VOTED ON

Proposal 1: Election of Directors

At the Annual Meeting, stockholders will vote to elect sevenfive directors for a one year term beginning at the Annual Meeting and ending at our 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Our board of directors is currently comprised of ninefive members. However, our board has approved a decrease in its size to seven members effective as of the Annual Meeting. Our board has nominated Mr. Crocker, Dr. Demetri, Mr. Dineen,Andersen, Mr. Levy, Dr. Nielsen Dr. Peters, Mr. Quigley and Mr. RayMs. Radeljevic for re-electionelection as directors, each to hold office until the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their respective successors have been duly elected and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation or removal. Each of the nominees is currently a member of our board. The

Unless contrary instructions are provided on the proxy card, the persons named in the enclosedas proxies will, upon receipt of a properly executed proxy, card will vote to elect each of the nominees as directors, unless and to the extent authority to vote for the election of one or moreMr. Crocker, Mr. Andersen, Mr. Levy, Dr. Nielsen and Ms. Radeljevic as directors for a term expiring at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Each of the nominees is withheld by markinghas consented to serving as nominees for election to the board, to being named in this proxy statement and to that effect. In the event thatserve on our board, if elected. If any nominee should be unable to serve, discretionary authority is reserved for the namedperson acting under the proxy holders tomay vote the proxy for a substitute or to reducenominee designated by our board. We do not contemplate that any of the number of directors to be elected, or both. We believe that each of our nominees will be willing and ableunable to serve if elected.

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF EACH OF OUR DIRECTOR NOMINEES NAMED ON THE NOMINEES AS DIRECTORS.ENCLOSED PROXY CARD, GARY L. CROCKER, ERIC D. ANDERSEN, NOAH G. LEVY, ULRIK B. NIELSEN AND ANA RADELJEVIC.

 

Proposal 2: Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation

We are providing our stockholders the opportunity to vote to approve, on an advisory, non-binding basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement in accordance with the SEC’s rules. This proposal, which is commonly referred to as “say-on-pay,” is required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which added Section 14A to the Exchange Act. Consistent with the preference expressed by our stockholders at our 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, we have determined to hold an advisory vote on executive compensation annually.

Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, motivate and retain our executive officers, who are critical to our success. Under these programs, our named executive officers are rewarded for the achievement of our short-term and longer-term financial and strategic objectives and for driving corporate financial performance and stability. The programs contain elements of cash and equity-based compensation and are designed to align the interests of our executives with those of our stockholders.

The “Executive Compensation” section of this proxy statement, including “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” describes in detail our executive compensation programs and the decisions made by the organization and compensation committee and our board with respect to the year ended December 31, 2017. As we describe in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, our executive compensation program embodies a pay-for-performance philosophy that supports our business strategy and aligns the interests of our executives with our stockholders. Our board believes this link between compensation and the achievement of our short- and long-term business objectives has helped drive our performance over time. At the same time, we believe our program does not encourage excessive risk-taking by management.

Our board is asking stockholders to approve a non-binding advisory vote on the following resolution:

RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to Merrimack’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the compensation discussion and analysis, the compensation tables and any related material disclosed in this proxy statement, is hereby approved.

39


As an advisory vote, this proposal is not binding. The outcome of this advisory vote does not overrule any decision by us or our board (or any committee thereof), create or imply any change to the fiduciary duties of us or our board (or any committee thereof), or create or imply any additional fiduciary duties for us or our board (or any committee thereof). However, our organization and compensation committee and our board value the opinions expressed by our stockholders in their vote on this proposal and will consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions for our named executive officers.

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR APPROVAL OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

Proposal 3: Ratification of Independent Auditors

The audit committee of our board of directors has selected the firm of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has served as our independent registered public accounting firm since the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.2023. Although stockholder approval of the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP is not required by law or Nasdaq Listing Rules, our audit committee believes that it is advisable and has decided to give our stockholders the opportunity to ratify this selection. If this proposal is not approved at the Annual Meeting, our audit committee may reconsider this selection.

Representatives of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP are expected to be present atattend the virtual Annual Meeting and will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so. It is also expected that they will be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders.

The affirmative vote of the holders of shares of common stock representing a majority of the votes cast on the matter is required for the ratification of the selection of Marcum LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year.

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FORTHE RATIFICATION OF THE SELECTION OF PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLPMARCUM AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2018.2023.

 

Proposal 4: Approval3: Vote to Extend the Term of the 382 Rights Agreement

Our Board is inviting stockholders to vote to ratify that certain First Amendment effective as of December 3, 2022 (the “First Amendment”) to the Company’s Section 382 Rights Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2019 (the “382 Rights Agreement”), between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as rights agent. If our stockholders do not ratify the First Amendment at the annual meeting (or a special meeting of stockholders held by December 2, 2023), by its terms the 382 Rights Agreement will expire as of the date of the meeting.

The 382 Rights Agreement was originally adopted to diminish the risk that the Company could experience an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which could substantially limit the Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryovers (collectively, the “NOLs”) to reduce anticipated future tax liabilities. The 382 Rights Agreement was approved by our stockholders at the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders by approximately 73% of the total votes cast, including abstentions, and approximately 83% of the votes cast, excluding abstentions.

Description of the First Amendment

The First Amendment, which was unanimously approved by the Company’s board of directors, (1) extends the expiration date of the 382 Rights Agreement from December 3, 2022 to December 2, 2025 and (2) otherwise retains all other terms and provisions of the 382 Rights Agreement, as set forth below. The 382 Rights Agreement automatically terminates if the Company fails to obtain stockholder approval of the First Amendment at this annual meeting of stockholders.

The First Amendment extends the 382 Rights Agreement’s expiration date through December 2, 2025 to protect the Company’s NOLs, which for U.S. federal income tax purposes can be used to offset future taxable income. Despite the extension of the expiration date, the Company cannot provide assurance as to whether, when or in what amounts it will be able to use its NOL carryforwards. The 382 Rights Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment, serves only as a deterrent through the threat of dilution, not a prohibition, to share accumulations that could result in the occurrence of an Amendment“ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Any such “ownership change” would substantially limit the Company’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards to reduce anticipated future tax payments.

At December 31, 2022, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of $215.0 million and $300.4 million, respectively. The Company’s existing federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2034 and 2033, respectively. The Company also had available research and development credits for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $28.7 million and $20.3 million, respectively. The federal and state research and development credits will begin to expire in 2022 and 2025, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company also had available investment tax credits for state income tax purposes of less than $0.1 million which do not expire. The Company has orphan drug credits of $122.7 million, which begin to expire in 2031. Our board believes that these net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards (collectively, the “NOLs”) have the potential to be a valuable asset. However, because the amount and timing of our future taxable income cannot be accurately predicted, we cannot predict the amount of NOLs that will ultimately be used to reduce the Company’s federal income tax liability. Although we are unable to quantify an exact value for the benefits that the NOLs may ultimately provide to the Company, we believe that the NOLs are a potentially valuable asset and the board believes it is in the Company’s best interests to attempt to protect this asset by preventing the imposition of limitations on their use. The benefits of the NOLs would be reduced, and our use of the NOLs would be substantially delayed or potentially lost, if we experience an “ownership change,” as determined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), and applicable Treasury Regulations (“Section 382”).

Under Section 382, an “ownership change” occurs if a stockholder or a group of stockholders that is deemed to own at least 5% of our common stock increases their ownership (individually, or collectively with other such “5-percent stockholders”) by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three year period. If an “ownership change” occurs, Section 382 would impose an annual limit on the amount of our NOLs that we can use to offset income taxes equal to the product of the total value of our outstanding equity immediately prior to the “ownership change” (reduced by certain items specified in Section 382) and the federal long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the “ownership change.” A number of complex rules apply to calculating this annual limit. If an “ownership change” were to occur, the limitations imposed by Section 382 could result in a substantial delay in the timing of the usage of our NOLs or in a material amount of our NOLs expiring unused and, therefore, significantly impair the value of our

NOLs. While we periodically monitor our NOLs and currently believe that an “ownership change” that would impair the value of our NOLs has not occurred, the complexity of Section 382’s provisions and the limited knowledge any public company has about the ownership of its publicly traded stock make it difficult to determine whether an “ownership change” has in fact occurred.

Prior to adoption of the 382 Rights Agreement, the Company’s accountants performed an analysis for the relevant period and did not identify any events that, either individually or cumulatively, would result in an “ownership change” for such relevant period. After careful consideration, and after consulting with our tax, financial and legal advisors, on December 3, 2019, our board acted to preserve the potential benefits of our NOLs by adopting the 382 Rights Agreement, which is similar to rights plans adopted by other public companies seeking to preserve the potential benefits of their NOLs.

Since adoption of the 382 Rights Agreement, the Company’s accountants have from time to time reviewed the “ownership change” of the Company and, as of the date of this proxy statement, the Company does not believe it has experienced an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 that would result in any current limitations on the use of the NOLs under Section 382. Therefore, the Company does not believe there are any current limitations on the use of the NOLs under Section 382 as the result of an “ownership change.” The Company will continue monitoring any future changes in stock ownership to identify any “ownership change” that might result therefrom.

Description of the 382 Rights Agreement

The Rights

In connection with the 382 Rights Agreement, the board authorized and declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase right (a “Right”) for each share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Shares”), authorized and outstanding on the close of business on December 13, 2019 (the “Record Date”) and has authorized the issuance of one Right (subject to adjustment as provided in the 382 Rights Agreement) with respect to each Common Share that becomes outstanding between the Record Date and the earlier of the Distribution Date and the Expiration Date (each as defined below). The Rights will be evidenced, with respect to any of the Common Share certificates outstanding as of the Record Date, by such Common Share certificate (unless such Rights are recorded in book entry). Prior to exercise, the Rights do not give their holders any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.

Distribution Date

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The “Distribution Date” is defined as the earlier of (i) the close of business on the 10th day following a public announcement that an Acquiring Person (as defined below) has become such (or, in the event an exchange is effected in accordance with Section 24 of the Rights Plan and the board determines that a later date is advisable, then such later date) or (ii) the close of business on the 10th business day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the board prior to such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of a tender offer or exchange offer, the consummation of which would result in any person becoming an Acquiring Person. Until the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferred with and only with the Common Shares, and (unless the Rights are redeemed or expire) the surrender or transfer of any Common Shares outstanding on or after the Record Date will constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with such Common Shares.

Upon the occurrence of a Distribution Date, the Rights may be transferred separately from the Common Shares, and each Right, other than Rights held by an Acquiring Person, will entitle its holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”) in exchange for $18.00 (the “Purchase Price”).

Acquiring Person

An “Acquiring Person” is any person or group of affiliated or associated persons that has acquired Beneficial Ownership (as defined below) of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding. However, a person shall not be deemed to be an Acquiring Person if such person, at the time of the first public announcement of the 382 Rights Agreement, is a Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding (a “Grandfathered Stockholder”); provided, however, that if a Grandfathered Stockholder increases its Beneficial Ownership of the Common Shares as of any date on or after the date of the public announcement of the 382 Rights Agreement, then such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares, such person is not then the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding; provided, further, that upon the first decrease of a Grandfathered Stockholder’s Beneficial Ownership below 4.9% of the Common Shares then outstanding, such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder.

In general, “Beneficial Ownership” (and derivations of such term thereof) shall include any securities such person, or any of such person’s affiliates or associates (i) would be deemed to actually or constructively own for purposes of Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, (to the extent ownership of such securities would be attributed to such persons under Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder), or (ii) which are directly or indirectly beneficially owned by any other person with whom such person has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in obtaining, changing or influencing the control of the Company; provided, that the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) of the Department of Treasury regulations.

From and after the time any person becomes an Acquiring Person, if the Rights evidenced by a Right Certificate are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an associate or affiliate of Incorporationan Acquiring Person or any person with whom such person is acting in concert, such Rights shall become void, and any holder of such Rights shall thereafter have no right to Increaseexercise such Rights.

Flip-in Event

If any person becomes an Acquiring Person, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Rights, other than Rights Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an associate or affiliate of the NumberAcquiring Person or any person with whom such person is acting in concert (all of Authorized Shareswhich will thereafter be void), will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof, that number of Common StockShares having a market value equal to two times the Purchase Price of the Right. If the board so elects, the Company shall deliver, upon payment of the Purchase Price, an amount of cash or securities equivalent in value to the number of Common Shares issuable upon exercise of a Right.

BackgroundFlip-over Event

Our authorized capital stock presently consistsIf, at any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of 20,000,000its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price, that number of shares of common stock $0.01 parof the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the Purchase Price.

Exchange

At any time after any person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by any person or group of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares, the board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by an Acquiring Person, which shall have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one

Common Share of the Company per Right (subject to adjustment). The exchange of the Rights by the board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the board in its sole discretion may establish.

Preferred Shares

Preferred Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Rights will not be redeemable. Each Preferred Share will be entitled to a quarterly dividend payment of 1,000 multiplied by the dividend declared per Common Share. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Preferred Shares will be entitled to a payment per share (“common stock”),equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate payment made per Common Share. Each Preferred Share will have 1,000 votes, voting together with the Common Shares. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are exchanged, each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive 1,000 multiplied by the amount received per Common Share. Because of the nature of the dividend, liquidation and 10,000,000 sharesvoting rights of preferred stock, $0.01 parthe Preferred Shares, the value per share. Our board of directors has adoptedthe one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one Common Share.

Purchase Price Adjustments

The Purchase Price payable, and is recommending that our stockholders approve a proposed amendment to our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized sharesPreferred Shares or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of commonthe Rights is subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock from 20,000,000dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares or a subdivision or combination of the Preferred Shares, (ii) upon the grant to 30,000,000.holders of the Preferred Shares of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Shares at a price, or securities convertible into Preferred Shares with a conversion price, less than the then current market price of the Preferred Shares, or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Shares of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends paid out of earnings or retained earnings or dividends payable in Preferred Shares) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above). The number of sharesoutstanding Rights and the number of preferredPreferred Shares issuable upon exercise of each Right are also subject to adjustment in the event of a stock authorized for issuance would not be affected by the proposed amendment.

As of April 17, 2018, a total of [________] shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, no shares were held in treasury, and there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding. As of April 17, 2018, there were an aggregate of [________] options outstanding to purchase common stock under our equity incentive plans and an aggregate of [________] shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. Additionally, an aggregate of [________] shares of common stock are reserved for issuance upon conversion of our outstanding 4.50% convertible notes due 2020. Accordingly, outsplit of the 20,000,000 sharesCommon Shares or a stock dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares or subdivisions, consolidations or combinations of common stock presently authorized, [________] shares are issued or reserved for issuance and [________] authorized shares of common stock remain available for future issuance.the Common Shares occurring, in any such case, prior to the Distribution Date.

If stockholders approveWith certain exceptions, no adjustment in the proposed amendment, the first three paragraphs of Article Fourth of our certificate of incorporationPurchase Price will be deletedrequired until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in their entiretysuch Purchase Price. No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), and replaced byin lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the following:market price of the Preferred Shares on the last trading day prior to the date of exercise.

40Expiration


“FOURTH: The total number of shares of all classes of stock whichRights will expire on the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is 40,000,000 shares, consistingearlier of (i) 30,000,000 sharesthe close of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), andbusiness on December 2, 2025, (ii) 10,000,000 sharesthe close of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”).”

The proposed amendment, if approved by our stockholders, would become effective uponbusiness on the filing of an amendment to our certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, in the form of Appendix A hereto, or at the later time set forth in such amendment. The board reserves the right, notwithstanding stockholder approval and without further action by stockholders, to elect not to proceed with the proposed amendment ifdate that the board determines that (A) the proposed amendment382 Rights Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no longer be carried forward, (iii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed, (iv) the time at which the Rights are exchanged, and (v) if the 382 Rights Agreement has not been approved by the stockholders prior to the conclusion of the Annual Meeting, the close of business on such date.

Redemption

At any time prior to the time any person becomes an Acquiring Person, the board may redeem the Rights in our best interestswhole, but not in part, at a price of $0.0001 per Right (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the board in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the bestonly right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.

Amendment

The terms of the Rights may be amended by the board without the consent of the holders of the Rights. However, from and after such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person, the 382 Rights Agreement shall not be amended or supplemented in any manner which would adversely affect the interests of our stockholders.the holders of Rights (other than Rights owned by an Acquiring Person, which shall have become void).

If our stockholders approveRights of Holders

Until a Right is exercised, the proposed amendment, subjectholder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.

Process to Seek Exemption

Any person who desires to effect any acquisition of securities that would, if consummated, result in such person becoming an Acquiring Person may, prior to such time, request that the board grant an exemption with respect to such acquisition under the 382 Rights Agreement so that such person would be deemed exempt under the 382 Rights Agreement.

The foregoing description of the terms of the 382 Rights Agreement is only a summary and is not complete and should be read together with the entire 382 Rights Agreement, which is attached as Annex A to this proxy statement and the First Amendment which is attached as Annex B to this proxy statement.

Certain Considerations Related to the discretion of the board, we intend to file the amendment to our certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as soon as practicable after the Annual Meeting.382 Rights Agreement

Reasons for the Proposed Increase

Over the past several years, we have used shares of our common stock to, among other things, engage in financings, compensate employees and for other general corporate purposes. The additional authorized shares of common stock permitted by the proposed amendment to our certificate of incorporation would allow us to continue to use common stock for purposes such as financings, compensation plans, business development activities and other general corporate purposes. The board believes that havingthe 382 Rights Agreement may help preserve the Company’s ability to use its NOLs to reduce future tax liabilities and that the 382 Rights Agreement is in the Company’s and the stockholders’ best interests. However, the possibility of an “ownership change” cannot be eliminated and the board cannot guarantee that an “ownership change” will not occur—even if the 382 Rights Agreement is in place. Please also consider the items discussed below when voting on this Proposal 3.

The IRS could challenge the amount of the Company’s NOLs or claim that the Company experienced an “ownership change,” which could reduce the amount of NOLs that the Company could use or eliminate the Company’s ability to use NOLs altogether.

The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has not audited or otherwise validated the amount of the Company’s NOLs. The IRS could challenge the amount of the Company’s NOLs, which could limit the Company’s ability to use NOLs to reduce future tax liabilities. In addition, the complex provisions of Sections 382 and the limited knowledge that any public company has about the ownership of its publicly traded stock can make it difficult for the Company and its advisors to determine whether an “ownership change” has occurred. Therefore, the board cannot assure you that the IRS will not claim that the Company has experienced an “ownership change” and attempt to reduce or eliminate the benefits associated with the Company’s NOLs—even if the 382 Rights Agreement is in place.

Congress or the IRS could change Section 382 and/or the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Potential future legislation, or the modification or promulgation of treasury regulations by the IRS, could change the provisions of Section 382 and/or other applicable provisions of the Code and treasury regulations in a sufficient numbermanner that would limit the Company’s ability to utilize its NOLs. Therefore, the board cannot assure you that tax laws and applicable treasury regulations will not change in a manner that could reduce or eliminate the benefits associated with the Company’s NOLs—even if the 382 Rights Agreement is in place.

The Company still faces a continued risk of authorized shares of our common stock allows engagement in strategic activities without usingan ownership change.

Although the company’s cash and provides flexibility to raise cash to carry out our overall strategy. The proposed amendment to our certificate of incorporation382 Rights Agreement is intended to facilitate future financings, compensation plans, business development activities and other general corporate purposes from time to time asreduce the likelihood of an “ownership change,” the 382 Rights Agreement cannot prevent transfers of the Company’s stock that could result in an “ownership change.” Accordingly, the board may approve. Unless required by applicable lawcannot guarantee you that the 382 Rights Agreement will prevent or stock exchange rules, no further voteeven reduce the risk of an “ownership change.”

The 382 Rights Agreement could have an adverse impact on the value of the holders of common stock will be required.Common Shares.

Potential EffectsIf investors object to holding the Common Shares subject to the terms of the Proposed Increase

The additional shares382 Rights Agreement, they may sell such shares. In such event, sales of common stock for which authorization is sought would be identical in powers, privileges and rights to the shares of common stock that are now authorized. Holders of common stock do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to additional securities which may be issuedCommon Shares by the company.

The issuance of additional shares of common stock may, among other things,investors could have a dilutivenegative effect on earnings per share and on stockholders’ equity and voting rights. Furthermore, future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that these sales might occur, could adversely affect the prevailing markettrading price of our common stockthe Common Shares.

Potential Anti-Takeover Effects.

While intended to reduce the risk of an “ownership change,” the 382 Rights Agreement could have certain anti-takeover effects. The 382 Rights Agreement will cause substantial dilution to any person or limit our ability to raise additional capital. Stockholders should recognizegroup that as a result of this proposal, they will own a smaller percentage of shares relative tobecomes an Acquiring Person. Accordingly, the total authorized shares of the company than they presently own.

The board has not proposed the increase in the amount of authorized shares with the intention of discouraging tender offersRights may render more difficult, or takeover attempts. However, the availability of additional authorized shares for issuance may have the effect of discouragingdiscourage, a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or assumption of control by a holder of the Common Shares or other attemptCompany securities. However, because the board can unilaterally redeem the 382 Rights Agreement prior to obtain control.any person becoming an Acquiring Person, the 382 Rights Agreement will not interfere with any merger, change in control or other business combination approved by the board.

EffectivenessThe board has determined that the First Amendment to the 382 Rights Agreement is advisable and in the Company’s and the stockholders’ best interests because the 382 Rights Agreement:

discourages acquisitions of Amendmentstock that could result in an “ownership change” for federal income tax purposes, as discussed above;

If the proposed amendment is adopted, it will become effective upon the filing

encourages potential acquirers of a certificate of amendmentCommon Shares to our certificate of incorporationnegotiate with the Secretary of Stateboard before acquiring significant equity ownership positions in the Company, which may impact the ability of the StateCompany to use its NOLs;

does not restrict a later sale of Delaware.the Company on terms that the board determines are in the best interest of the stockholders; and

has no significant up-front financial, accounting or tax consequences to the Company or the stockholders.

The affirmative vote of the holders of shares of common stock representing a majority of the votes cast on the matter is required for the approval of the adoption of the First Amendment to the 382 Rights Agreement.

OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTEFOR THIS PROPOSAL 3 TO APPROVE THE APPROVALADOPTION OF ANTHE FIRST AMENDMENT TO OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES OF COMMON STOCK.SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT.

41


STOCK OWNERSHIP AND REPORTING

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 12, 2018March 31, 2023 by:

each person, or group of affiliated persons, who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our common stock;

each of our named executive officers;

each of our current directors and director nominees; and

all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to our common stock. Shares of our common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after April 12, 2018March 31, 2023 are considered outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding the options for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of that person, but not for the purpose of calculating the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise noted, to our knowledge, the persons and entities in this table have sole voting and investing power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws, where applicable. The inclusion herein of any shares as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership.

The column entitled “Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned” is based on a total of 13,342,78414,255,104 shares of our common stock outstanding as of April 12, 2018.March 31, 2023. Except as otherwise set forth below, the address of the beneficial owner is c/o Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.MA 02142. Beneficial ownership representing less than one percent of our outstanding common stock as of April 12, 2018March 31, 2023 is denoted with an “*.”

 

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

 

Number of

Shares

Beneficially

Owned

 

 

Percentage

of Shares

Beneficially

Owned

 

5% Stockholders

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FMR LLC (1)

 

 

1,603,053

 

 

 

12.01

%

BlackRock, Inc. (2)

 

 

813,041

 

 

 

6.09

%

Named Executive Officers and Directors

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Richard Peters (3)

 

 

81,248

 

 

*

 

Jean M. Franchi (4)

 

 

15,000

 

 

*

 

Yasir B. Al-Wakeel (5)

 

 

 

 

*

 

Daryl C. Drummond (6)

 

 

84,572

 

 

*

 

Jeffrey A. Munsie (7)

 

 

72,362

 

 

*

 

Sergio L. Santillana (8)

 

 

14,998

 

 

*

 

Gary L. Crocker (9)

 

 

473,320

 

 

 

3.53

%

George D. Demetri (10)

 

 

1,222

 

 

*

 

John M. Dineen (11)

 

 

28,555

 

 

*

 

Vivian S. Lee (12)

 

 

26,561

 

 

*

 

Ulrik B. Nielsen (13)

 

 

356,332

 

 

 

2.61

%

Michael E. Porter (14)

 

 

123,611

 

 

*

 

James H. Quigley (15)

 

 

40,409

 

 

*

 

Russell T. Ray (16)

 

 

20,685

 

 

*

 

All executive officers and directors as a group

   (13 persons) (17)

 

 

1,338,875

 

 

 

9.47

%

Name and Address of
Beneficial Owner

  Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
   Percentage
of Shares
Beneficially
Owned
 

5% Stockholders

    

Newtyn Management, LLC (1)(3)

   1,873,694    13.14

Western Standard, LLC (2)(3)

   1,769,558    12.41

22 NW Fund, LP(4)

   1,015,048    7.12

Named Executive Officers and Directors and Director Nominees

    

Gary L. Crocker (5)

   224,839    1.57

Eric D. Andersen (3)(6)

   1,769,558    12.16

Noah G. Levy (3)(7)

   1,873,694    12.87

Ulrik B. Nielsen (8)

   323,327    2.24

Ana Radeljevic (9)

   11,156    * 
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

All executive officers and directors as a group (5 persons) (10)

   4,202,574    28.87

 

(1)

Based on information provided inon a Schedule 13G/AForm 4 filed on January 12, 2023 by FMRNewtyn Management, LLC on February 13, 2018. Members of the Johnson family, including Abigail P. Johnson, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The

42


Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders' voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly, through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders' voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group(“Newtyn Management”) with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMRthe following reporting persons: Newtyn Management, Noah G. Levy, Newton Partners, LP (“Newtyn Partners”), Newtyn TE Partners, LLC nor Abigail P. Johnson has(“Newtyn TE”), Newtyn Capital Partners, LP (“NCP”) (Newtyn TE and NCP collectively the sole power to vote or direct“Newtyn Funds”) and Ledo Capital, LLC (“Ledo”) (collectively, the voting of the shares owned directly by the various investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act (“Fidelity Funds”“Newtyn Parties”) advised by Fidelity Management & Research Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of FMR LLC, which power resides with the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees. Fidelity Management & Research Company carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fidelity Funds’ Boards of Trustees.. The address of FMR LLCeach of the reporting persons is 245 Summer60 East 42nd Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210. FMR LLC9th Floor, New York, New York 10165. Mr. Levy is the managing member of Newtyn

Management and Ledo, and is the portfolio manager to the Newtyn Funds. NCP is the general partner of the Newtyn Funds, and Ledo is the general partner of NCP. Newtyn Management reports that it holds sole voting power with respect to 387,970 shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,603,0531,873,694 shares of common stock. Mr. Levy reports that he holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,873,694 shares of common stock. NP reports that it holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,873,694 shares of common stock. NCP reports that it holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,873,694 shares. Ledo reports that it holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,873,694 shares. Mr. Levy, a member of our board of directors, disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Newtyn Management, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(2)

Based on information provided in a Form 4 filed on March 22, 2023 by Western Standard, LLC (“Western Standard”) with respect to the following reporting persons: Western Standard and Eric D. Andersen. The address of each of the reporting persons is 5900 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 650, Los Angeles, California 90036. Western Standard is the general partner and investment manager to Western Standard Partners, LP (“WSP LP”) and Western Standard Partners QP, LP (“WSP QP LP” and together with WSP LP, the “WSP Funds”). Western Standard, WSP LP, WSP QP LP and Mr. Anderson are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Western Standard Parties.” Mr. Andersen is the managing member of Western Standard and is the portfolio manager to the WSP Funds. Western Standard reports that it holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,769,558 shares of common stock. Mr. Andersen reports that he holds sole voting power and sole dispositive power with respect to 1,769,558 share of common stock. Mr. Andersen, a member of our board of directors, disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by Western Standard, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(3)

As a result of an agreement among the persons listed below to vote their respective shares of common stock jointly (the “Cooperation Agreement”), such persons have formed a “group” under Section 13(d)(1) of the Exchange Act (the “13D Group”). The 13D Group includes the Western Standard Parties and the Newtyn Parties. As a member of the 13D Group, each Western Standard Party would be deemed to beneficially own the aggregate amount of the common stock that each of the 13D Group members beneficially owns, in which case it or he would be deemed to beneficially own 3,643,252 shares of common stock. However, none of the Western Standard parties have the ability to direct the acquisition or disposition or, except through the Cooperation Agreement, voting of the securities held by Newtyn Parties, and none of the Newtyn Parties have the ability to direct the acquisition or disposition or, except through the Cooperation Agreement, voting of the securities held by the Western Standard Parties. As members of the 13D Group, the combined holdings of the Western Standard Parties and the Newtyn Parties would result in each Western Standard Party and each Newtyn Party having voting power equivalent to a combined beneficial ownership of 3,643,252 shares of common stock or 25.56%% of our outstanding common stock for voting purposes. Each Western Standard Party and each Newtyn Party disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares beneficially owned by the 13D Group except to the extent of its or his pecuniary interest therein, if any, and this report shall not be deemed an admission that it or he is the beneficial owner of such shares.

(2)

(4)

Based on information provided in a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 13, 2022, on behalf of 22NW Fund, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“22NW Fund”), with respect to the common stock directly and beneficially owned by BlackRock,it; 22NW, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“22NW”), as the investment manager of 22NW Fund; 22NW Fund GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“22NW GP”), as the general partner of 22NW Fund; 22NW GP, Inc. on January 25, 2018., a Delaware S corporation (“22NW Inc.”), as the general partner of 22NW; Aron R. English, as the Portfolio Manager of 22NW, Manager of 22NW GP and President and sole shareholder of 22NW Inc. The address of BlackRock,the principal office of each of 22NW Fund, 22NW, 22NW GP, 22NW Inc. and Mr. English is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. BlackRock,1455 NW Leary Way, Suite 400, Seattle, Washington 98107. As of the close of business on December 31, 2022, 22NW Fund directly beneficially owned 1,015,048 shares of common stock. 22NW, as the investment manager of 22NW Fund, may be deemed to beneficially own the 1,015,048 shares of common stock owned by 22NW Fund. 22NW GP, as the general partner of 22NW Fund, may be deemed to beneficially own the 1,015,048 shares of common stock owned by 22NW Fund. 22NW Inc. reports that it holds sole voting power with respect, as the general partner of 22NW, may be deemed to 796,865beneficially own the 1,015,048 shares of common stock owned by 22NW Fund. Mr. English, as the Portfolio Manager of 22NW, Manager of 22NW GP and

President and sole dispositive power with respectshareholder of 22NW Inc., may be deemed to 813,041 shares.

beneficially own the 1,015,048 shares of common stock owned by 22NW Fund.

(3)

(5)

Consists of 81,248(i) 131,105 shares of common stock held by Crocker Family Investments, LLC, over which Mr. Crocker is the Managing Member, and (ii) 93,734 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018March 31, 2023 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(4)

(6)

Consists of 15,000the shares described in Note 2 above. Mr. Andersen, a member of our board of directors, is the managing member of Western Standard and may be deemed the indirect beneficial owner of such shares. Mr. Andersen disclaims beneficial ownership over such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(7)

Consists of the shares described in Note 3 above. Mr. Levy, a member of our board of directors, is the managing member of Newtyn Management and may be deemed the indirect beneficial owner of such shares. Mr. Levy disclaims beneficial ownership over such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(8)

Consists of (i) 36,968 shares of common stock and (ii) 200,433 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018March 31, 2023 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(9)

Consists of (i) 4,156 shares of common stock and (ii) 7,000 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of March 31, 2023 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(10)

Includes 3,901,407 shares of common stock and 301,167 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of March 31, 2023 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(5)

The share amount reported is as of June 9, 2017, which was Dr. Al-Wakeel’s last day of employment with us.

(6)

Consists of (i) 10,173 shares of common stock and (ii) 74,399 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(7)

Consists of 72,362 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(8)

Consists of 14,998 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(9)

Consists of (i) 22,986 shares of common stock, (ii) 164,296 shares of common stock held by or jointly with Ann Crocker, Mr. Crocker’s wife, (iii) 213,501 shares of common stock held by certain members of Mr. Crocker’s family, certain trusts established for members of Mr. Crocker’s family and certain entities controlled by Mr. Crocker or members of his family and (iv) 72,537 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date. Mr. and Mrs. Crocker, certain members of Mr. Crocker’s family, certain trusts established for members of Mr. Crocker’s family and certain entities controlled by Mr. Crocker or members of his family are parties to a Shareholder Voting Agreement, dated December 20, 2010, or the Crocker voting agreement, pursuant to which the parties to the agreement have agreed to vote his, her or its shares as directed by Crocker Ventures, LLC. Mr. Crocker is the President, Manager and Chairman of Crocker Ventures, LLC and in connection therewith shares voting control over all of the shares subject to the Crocker voting agreement.

(10)

Consists of 1,222 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(11)

Consists of (i) 10,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 18,555 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(12)

Consists of (i) 6,500 shares of common stock and (ii) 20,061 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(13)

Consists of (i) 22,681 shares of common stock and (ii) 333,651 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(14)

Consists of (i) 83,944 shares of common stock and (ii) 39,667 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

43


(15)

Consists of (i) 5,650 shares of common stock and (ii) 34,759 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(16)

Consists of (i) 1,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 19,685 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

(17)

Includes 798,144 shares of common stock underlying options that are exercisable as of April 12, 2018 or will become exercisable within 60 days after such date.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and holders of more than 10% of our common stock to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership of our common stock and other equity securities on a Form 3 and reports of changes in such ownership on a Form 4 or Form 5. Directors, executive officers and holders of more than 10% of our common stock are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely on a review of our records and representations made by the persons required to file these reports, we believe that, during the year ended December 31, 2017, our directors, executive officers and holders of more than 10% of our common stock complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to them.

44


OTHER MATTERSMATTERS

Our board of directors does not know of any other matters that may come before the Annual Meeting. However, if any other matters are properly presented to the Annual Meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote, or otherwise act, in accordance with their judgment on such matters.

Solicitation of Proxies

This proxy is solicited on behalf of our board of directors.We will bear the expenses connected with this proxy solicitation. We have retained Morrow Sodali LLC to assist us in our proxy solicitation for an aggregate fee of approximately $7,000, plus out-of-pocket expenses. We expect to paybanks, brokers and other nominees their reasonable expenses for forwarding proxy materials and annual reports to principals and obtaining their voting instructions. In addition to the use of the mails, our directors officers and employeesour sole executive officer may, without additional remuneration, solicit proxies in person or by use of other communications media.telephone, facsimile, electronic mail, Internet and text messaging.

Householding of Annual Meeting Materials

Some banks, brokers and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding” proxy statements and annual reports. This means that only one copy of our proxy statement or annual report may have been sent to multiple stockholders in the same household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of either document to any stockholder upon request submitted in writing to us at Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,MA 02142, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or by calling (617) 441-1000.720-8606. Any stockholder who wants to receive separate copies of the annual report and proxy statement in the future, or who is currently receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy for his or her household, should contact his or her bank, broker or other nominee record holder, or contact us at the above address or phone number.

Deadline for Submission of Stockholder Proposals for 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Proposals of stockholders intended to be presented at our 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act must be received by us at our principal executive offices, One Kendall Square, Suite B7201,Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,MA 02142, no later than [                    ] in order to be included in the proxy statement and proxy card relating to that meeting.

If a stockholder wishes to present a proposal at our 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, but does not wish to have the proposal considered for inclusion in our proxy statement and proxy card, pursuant to the advance notice provision in our bylaws, such stockholder must give written notice to our Corporate Secretary at our principal executive offices at the address noted above. Our Corporate Secretary must receive such notice no earlier than February 12, 2019[                    ] and no later than March 14, 2019,[                    ], provided that if the date of the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is advanced by more than 20 days, or delayed by more than 60 days, from the first anniversary of the Annual Meeting, such notice must instead be received by our Corporate Secretary no earlier than the 120th120th day prior to the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and not later than the close of business on the later of (i) the 90th90th day prior to the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and (ii) the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the 20192024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders was made, whichever occurs first.

Annex A

 

 

45


Appendix ASECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT

dated as of

December 3, 2019

between

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

and

COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

as Rights Agent

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1.

Definitions1

Section 2.

Appointment of Rights Agent5

Section 3.

Issue of Right Certificates5

Section 4.

Form of Right Certificates6

Section 5.

Countersignature and Registration6

Section 6.

Transfer, Split-up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates7

Section 7.

Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights8

Section 8.

Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates9

Section 9.

Status and Availability of Preferred Shares9

Section 10.

Preferred Shares Record Date9

Section 11.

Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or Number of Rights9

Section 12.

Certificate of Adjustment14

Section 13.

Consolidation, Merger, Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power14

Section 14.

Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares15

Section 15.

Rights of Action15

Section 16.

Agreement of Right Holders16

Section 17.

Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder16

Section 18.

Concerning the Rights Agent16

Section 19.

Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent17

Section 20.

Rights and Duties of Rights Agent18

Section 21.

Change of Rights Agent19

Section 22.

Issuance of New Right Certificates20

Section 23.

Redemption20

Section 24.

Exchange21

Section 25.

Notice of Certain Events22

Section 26.

Notices22

Section 27.

Supplements and Amendments23

Section 28.

Successors23

Section 29.

Benefits of this Agreement23

Section 30.

Severability23

Section 31.

Governing Law23

Section 32.

Counterparts24

Section 33.

Descriptive Headings24

Section 34.

Administration24

Section 35.

Force Majeure24

Section 36.

Process to Seek Exemption24

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SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of December 3, 2019 is between Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (the “Rights Agent”, which term shall include any successor Rights Agent hereunder), as Rights Agent.

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, (a) the Company and certain of its Subsidiaries have generated certain Tax Benefits (as hereinafter defined) for United States federal and state income tax purposes, (b) the Company desires to avoid an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code (as hereinafter defined) and the Treasury Regulations (as hereinafter defined) promulgated thereunder and similar state tax laws, and thereby preserve its ability to utilize such Tax Benefits, and (c) in furtherance of such objective, the Company desires to enter into this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) has authorized and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each Common Share (as hereinafter defined) of the Company outstanding on the Close of Business on December 13, 2019 (the “Record Date”) and has authorized the issuance of one Right with respect to each additional Common Share issued by the Company between the Record Date and the earliest of (a) the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, (b) the Redemption Date, (c) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable) and (d) the Final Expiration Date (as such terms are hereinafter defined), and additional Common Shares of the Company that shall become outstanding after the Distribution Date as provided in Section 22 of this Agreement, each Right initially representing the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (as hereinafter defined), subject to adjustment, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereof.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties agree as follows:

Section 1. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

(a) “Acquiring Person” means any Person (other than an Exempt Person) who or which, together with all Affiliates and Associates of such Person and any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, shall be the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding, but shall not include any Person who or which, at the time of the first public announcement of this Agreement, is a Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (a “Grandfathered Stockholder”); provided, however, that if a Grandfathered Stockholder increases its Beneficial Ownership of the Common Shares of the Company as of any date on or after the date of the public announcement of this Agreement, then such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such Person is not then the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided,further, that upon the first decrease of a Grandfathered Stockholder’s Beneficial Ownership below 4.9% of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding, such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder and this proviso shall have no further force or effect with respect to such Person. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event that after the time of the first public announcement of this Agreement, any agreement, arrangement or understanding pursuant to which any Grandfathered Stockholder is deemed to be the Beneficial Owner of Common Shares of the Company expires, terminates or no longer confers any benefit to or imposes any obligation on the Grandfathered Stockholder, any direct or indirect replacement, extension or substitution of such agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the same or different Common Shares of the Company that confers Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares of the Company shall be considered the acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common

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Shares of the Company by the Grandfathered Stockholder and render such Grandfathered Stockholder an Acquiring Person for purposes of this Agreement unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such person is not the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Person shall become an Acquiring Person as the result of an acquisition of Common Shares by the Company (or any other action of the Company or to which the Company is a party having the effect of reducing the number of shares outstanding) which, by reducing the number of shares outstanding, increases the proportionate number of shares Beneficially Owned by such Person to 4.9% (or such other percentage as would otherwise result in such Person becoming an Acquiring Person) or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided, however, that if a Person would, but for the provisions of this paragraph, become an Acquiring Person by reason of such action and following such action, such Person becomes the Beneficial Owner of any additional Common Shares of the Company such that the Person is or thereby becomes the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% (or such other percentage as would otherwise result in such Person becoming an Acquiring Person) or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (other than as a result of any action of the Company or to which the Company is a party described in this paragraph), then such Person shall be deemed to be an Acquiring Person.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board determines in good faith that a Person who would otherwise be an Acquiring Person has become such inadvertently, and such Person divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of Common Shares of the Company so that such Person would no longer be an Acquiring Person, then such Person shall not be deemed to have become an Acquiring Person.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a bona fide swaps dealer who would otherwise be an “Acquiring Person” has become so as a result of its actions in the ordinary course of its business that the Board determines, in its sole discretion, were taken without the intent or effect of evading or assisting any other Person to evade the purposes and intent of this Agreement, or otherwise seeking to control or influence the management or policies of the Company, then, and unless and until the Board shall otherwise determine, such Person shall not be deemed to be an “Acquiring Person.”

(b) A Person shall be deemed to be “Acting in Concert” with another Person if such Person knowingly acts (whether or not pursuant to an express agreement, arrangement or understanding) in concert or in parallel with such other Person, or towards a common goal with such other Person, relating to (i) acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of voting securities of the Company or (ii) changing or influencing the management, policies or control of the Company or in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having that purpose or effect, where one or more additional factors supports a determination by the Board that such Persons intended to act in concert or in parallel, which such factors may include, without limitation, exchanging information, attending meetings, conducting discussions, or making or soliciting invitations to act in concert or in parallel. A Person who is Acting in Concert with another Person shall also be deemed to be Acting in Concert with any third Person who is also Acting in Concert with such other Person.

(c) “Affiliate” and “Associate” shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, as in effect on the date of this Agreement.

(d) A Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of and shall be deemed to “Beneficially Own,” or have “Beneficial Ownership” of, any securities:

(i) which such Person actually owns (directly or indirectly) or would be deemed to actually or constructively own pursuant to Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (including any coordinated acquisition of securities by any Persons Acting in Concert (to the extent ownership of such securities would be attributed to such Persons under Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder)); or

(ii) which are Beneficially Owned (within the meaning of the preceding clauses of this paragraph (d)), directly or indirectly, by any other Person (or any Affiliate or Associate of such Person) with which such Person

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(or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates) is Acting in Concert or has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in obtaining, changing or influencing the control of the Company; provided that the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) of the Treasury Regulations.

Notwithstanding anything in this definition of Beneficial Owner to the contrary, the phrase “then outstanding,” when used with reference to a Person’s Beneficial Ownership of securities of the Company, means the number of such securities then issued and outstanding together with the number of such securities not then actually issued and outstanding which such Person would be deemed to Beneficially Own hereunder.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, to the extent not within the foregoing provisions of this paragraph (d), a Person shall be deemed the “Beneficial Owner” of, and shall be deemed to “beneficially own” or have “beneficial ownership” of, any securities which such Person would be deemed to constructively own or which would be aggregated with shares owned by such Person pursuant to Section 382 of the Code, or any successor provisions or replacement provision and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.

(e) “Board” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

(f) “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

(g) “Close of Business” on any given date means 5:00 p.m., New York time, on such date; provided, however, that if such date is not a Business Day, it means 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the next succeeding Business Day.

(h) “Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or such similar provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017), as amended.

(i) “Common Shares,” when used with reference to the Company, means the shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company. “Common Shares,” when used with reference to any Person other than the Company, means the capital stock (or equity interest) with the greatest voting power of such other Person or, if such other Person is a Subsidiary of another Person, the Person or Persons which ultimately control such first-mentioned Person.

(j) “Common Stock Equivalents” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii).

(k) “Company” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

(l) “Current Per Share Market Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(d)(i).

(m) “Current Value” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii).

(n) “Distribution Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(a).

(o) “Early Expiration Date” means, if Stockholder Approval has not been obtained by the Close of Business on the date on which the Company’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders is concluded (or, if later, the date on which the votes of the stockholders of the Company with respect to such meeting are certified), the Close of Business on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, if Stockholder Approval is obtained then there shall be no Early Expiration Date.

(p) “Equivalent Preferred Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(b).

(q) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(r) “Exchange Ratio” has the meaning set forth in Section 24(a).

(s) “Exempt Person” means any of (i) the Company, (ii) any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) any employee benefit plan of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, (iv) any entity holding Common

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Shares for or pursuant to the terms of any such employee benefit plan, and (v) any other Person that the Board determines is exempt from this Agreement, which determination shall be made in the sole and absolute discretion of the Board; provided, that such determination is made, and no Person shall qualify as an Exempt Person unless such determination is made, prior to such time as any Person becomes and Acquiring Person; provided, further, that any Person will cease to be an Exempt Person if (A) such Person fails to comply with any limitations or conditions required by the Board in making such determination or (B) if the Board makes a contrary determination with respect to such Person regardless of the reason therefor.

(t) “Exemption Request” has the meaning set forth in Section 36.

(u) “Final Expiration Date” means the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on December 3, 2022 or (ii) the Close of Business on the date that the Board determines that (A) this Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no longer be carried forward.

(v) “Grandfathered Stockholder” has the meaning set forth in Section 1(a).

(w) “NASDAQ” means The NASDAQ Global Market.

(x) “Person” means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, business trust, limited liability company, unincorporated association or other entity and shall include any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.

(y) “Preferred Shares” means shares of Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock,par value $0.01 per share, of the Company having such rights and preferences as are set forth in the form of Certificate of Designation set forth as EXHIBIT A hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time.

(z) “Purchase Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 7(b).

(aa) “Record Date” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

(bb) “Redemption Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 23(b).

(cc) “Redemption Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 23(a).

(dd) “Requesting Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 36.

(ee) “Right” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

(ff) “Right Certificate” means a certificate evidencing a Right substantially in the form of EXHIBIT B hereto.

(gg) “Rights Agent” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

(hh) “Spread” has the meaning set forth in Section 11(a)(iii).

(ii) “Stock Acquisition Date” means the date of the first public announcement or public disclosure of facts, in either case, by the Company or an Acquiring Person that an Acquiring Person has become such (which, for purposes of this definition, shall include a statement on Schedule 13D filed pursuant to the Exchange Act).

(jj) “Stockholder Approval” means the approval of this Agreement (or such Agreement as then in effect or as contemplated to be in effect following such Stockholder Approval) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon at a meeting of stockholders of the Company (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), duly held in accordance with the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws (as each may hereafter be amended from time to time) and applicable law, at which a quorum is present.

(kk) “Subsidiary” of any Person means any Person of which a majority of the voting power of the voting equity securities or equity interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

(ll) “Summary of Rights” means the Summary of Rights to Purchase Preferred Shares substantially in the form of EXHIBIT C hereto.

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(mm) “Tax Benefits” shall mean the net operating loss carryovers, capital loss carryovers, general business credit carryovers, alternative minimum tax credit carryovers and foreign tax credit carryovers, as well as any loss or deduction attributable to a “net unrealized built-in loss” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

(nn) “Trading Day” means a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which a security is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if a security is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, a Business Day.

(oo) “Treasury Regulations” shall mean final, temporary and proposed regulations of the Department of Treasury under the Code and any successor regulations, including any amendments thereto.

Section 2. Appointment of Rights Agent. The Company hereby appoints the Rights Agent to act as rights agent for the Company in accordance with the express terms and conditions hereof (and no implied terms or conditions), and the Rights Agent hereby accepts such appointment. The Company may from time to time appoint such co-rights agents as it may deem necessary or desirable, upon ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the Rights Agent. The Rights Agent shall have no duty to supervise, and shall in no event be liable for, the acts or omissions of any such co-rights agent. In the event the Company appoints one or more co-rights agents, the respective duties of the Rights Agent and any co-rights Agent shall be as the Company shall reasonably determine, provided that such duties and determination are consistent with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and that contemporaneously with such appointment, if any, the Company shall notify the Rights Agent in writing thereof.

Section 3. Issue of Right Certificates.

(a) Until the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the tenth day after the Stock Acquisition Date (or, in the event the Board determines on or before such tenth (10th) day to effect an exchange in accordance with Section 24 and determines in accordance with Section 24(a) that a later date is advisable, such later date) or (ii) the Close of Business on the tenth Business Day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the date of the commencement by any Person (other than any Exempt Person) of a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in any Person becoming an Acquiring Person (such date described in clause (i) or (ii) of this sentence being herein referred to as the “Distribution Date”) (provided, however, that if such tender or exchange offer is terminated prior to the occurrence of a Distribution Date, then no Distribution Date shall occur as a result of such tender or exchange offer), (A) the Rights will be evidenced by the certificates (or other evidence of book-entry or other uncertificated ownership) for Common Shares registered in the names of the holders thereof (which shall also be deemed to be Right Certificates) and not by separate Right Certificates, and (B) the right to receive Right Certificates will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of Common Shares. As soon as practicable after the Distribution Date, the Company will prepare and execute, the Rights Agent will countersign, and the Company will send or cause to be sent (and the Rights Agent will, if requested, at the expense of the Company and upon receipt of all relevant information, send) by first-class, postage-prepaid mail, to each record holder of Common Shares as of the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, at the address of such holder shown on the records of the Company, one or more Right Certificates, evidencing one Right for each Common Share so held, subject to adjustment as provided herein; provided, however, that the Rights may instead be recorded in book-entry or other uncertificated form, in which case such book-entries or other evidence of ownership shall be deemed to be Right Certificates for all purposes of this Agreement; provided, further, that all procedures relating to actions to be taken or information to be provided with respect to such Rights recorded in book-entry or other uncertificated forms, and all requirements with respect to the form of any Right Certificate set forth in this Agreement, may be modified as necessary or appropriate to reflect book-entry or other uncertificated ownership. As of the Distribution Date, the Rights will be evidenced solely by such Right Certificates.

(b) As soon as practicable after the Record Date, the Company will make available a copy of the Summary of Rights to any holder of Rights who may request it prior to the Final Expiration Date. The Company shall provide the Rights Agent with written notice of the occurrence of the Final Expiration Date and the Rights Agent

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shall not be deemed to have knowledge of the occurrence of the Final Expiration Date, unless and until it shall have received such written notice.

(c) Certificates for Common Shares which become outstanding after the Record Date but prior to the earliest of (i) the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, (ii) the Redemption Date, (iii) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), and (iv) the Final Expiration Date shall have impressed on, printed on, written on or otherwise affixed to them a legend in substantially the following form:

THIS CERTIFICATE ALSO EVIDENCES AND ENTITLES THE HOLDER HEREOF TO CERTAIN RIGHTS AS SET FORTH IN A SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT BETWEEN MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A., AS RIGHTS AGENT (OR ANY SUCCESSOR RIGHTS AGENT), DATED AS OF DECEMBER 3, 2018, AS IT MAY FROM TIME TO TIME BE AMENDED OR SUPPLEMENTED PURSUANT TO ITS TERMS (THE “SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT”), THE TERMS OF WHICH ARE HEREBY INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE AND A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE AT THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES OF MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. THE RIGHTS ARE NOT EXERCISABLE PRIOR TO THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS SPECIFIED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, AS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT, SUCH RIGHTS WILL BE EVIDENCED SEPARATELY AND WILL NO LONGER BE EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE. MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. WILL MAIL TO THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE A COPY OF THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT WITHOUT CHARGE AFTER RECEIPT OF A WRITTEN REQUEST THEREFOR. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY ACQUIRING PERSONS (AS DEFINED IN THE SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT) MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID.

With respect to such certificates containing the foregoing legend, until the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, the Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company represented by such certificates shall be evidenced by such certificates alone, and the surrender for transfer of any such certificate shall also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Shares of the Company represented thereby. If the Company purchases or acquires any Common Shares after the Record Date but prior to the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, any Rights associated with such Common Shares shall be deemed canceled and retired so that the Company shall not be entitled to exercise any Rights associated with the Common Shares which are no longer outstanding. Notwithstanding this Section 3(c), the omission of a legend shall not affect the enforceability of any part of this Agreement or the rights of any holder of the Rights.

Section 4. Form of Right Certificates. The Right Certificates (and the forms of election to purchase Preferred Shares and of assignment to be printed on the reverse thereof) may have such marks of identification or designation and such legends, summaries or endorsements printed thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement (but which do not affect the rights, duties, liabilities or responsibilities of the Rights Agent), or as may be required to comply with any applicable law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange on which the Rights may from time to time be listed or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or to conform to usage. Subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the Right Certificates shall entitle the holders thereof to purchase such number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share as shall be set forth therein at the Purchase Price, but the amount and type of securities purchasable upon exercise and the Purchase Price shall be subject to adjustment as provided herein.

Section 5. Countersignature and Registration. Right Certificates shall be duly executed on behalf of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer, any of its Vice Presidents, or any person holding an equivalent position to any of the foregoing, either manually or by facsimile signature, and shall be attested by the Secretary or General Counsel of the Company or such other executive officer of the Company designated by the Secretary or General Counsel of the Company, either manually or by facsimile signature. Upon written request by the Company, the Right Certificates shall be countersigned, either manually or by facsimile signature, by an

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authorized signatory of the Rights Agent, but it shall not be necessary for the same signatory to countersign all of the Right Certificates hereunder. No Right Certificate shall be valid for any purpose unless so countersigned, either manually or by facsimile. If any officer of the Company who shall have signed any of the Right Certificates shall cease to be such officer of the Company before countersignature by the Rights Agent and issuance and delivery by the Company, such Right Certificates nevertheless may be countersigned by the Rights Agent and issued and delivered by the Company with the same force and effect as though the Person who signed such Right Certificates had not ceased to be such officer of the Company. Any Right Certificate may be signed on behalf of the Company by any Person who, at the actual date of the execution of such Right Certificate, is a proper officer of the Company to sign such Right Certificate, even if at the date of the execution of this Agreement such Person was not such an officer.

Following the Distribution Date, and receipt by the Rights Agent of written notice to that effect and all other relevant information referred to in this Agreement, the Rights Agent will keep or cause to be kept, at its office or offices designated for such purpose, books for registration of the transfer of the Right Certificates issued hereunder. Such books shall show the names and addresses of the respective holders of the Right Certificates, the number of Rights evidenced on its face by each of the Right Certificates, and the date of each of the Right Certificates.

Section 6. Transfer, Split-up, Combination and Exchange of Right Certificates; Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Right Certificates.

(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 14, at any time after the Close of Business on the Distribution Date, and prior to the earlier of the Redemption Date, the Early Expiration Date (if applicable) and Final Expiration Date, any Right Certificate (other than a Right Certificate representing Rights that have become void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or that have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24) may be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged for another Right Certificate, entitling the registered holder to purchase a like number of Preferred Shares as the Right Certificate surrendered then entitled such holder to purchase. Any registered holder desiring to transfer, split up, combine or exchange any Right Certificate shall make such request in writing delivered to the Rights Agent, and shall surrender (together with any required form of assignment and certificate duly executed and properly completed) the Right Certificate to be transferred, split up, combined or exchanged at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request. Neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to take any action whatsoever with respect to the transfer of any such surrendered Right Certificate until the registered holder shall have properly completed and duly executed the certificate contained in the form of assignment on the reverse side of such Right Certificate and shall have provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) thereof, as the Company or the Rights Agent shall reasonably request. Thereupon, the Rights Agent shall countersign and deliver to the Person entitled thereto a Right Certificate or Right Certificates, as the case may be, as so requested. The Company or the Rights Agent may require payment from the holders of the Right Certificates of a sum sufficient for any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer, split-up, combination or exchange of Right Certificates. The Rights Agent shall not have any duty or obligation to take any action under any section of this Agreement that requires the payment of taxes and/or charges unless and until it is satisfied that all such payments have been made.

(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 14, upon receipt by the Company and the Rights Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to each of them of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of a Right Certificate, and, in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security satisfactory to them, along with a signature guarantee and such other and further documentation as the Company or the Rights Agent may reasonably request, and reimbursement to the Company and the Rights Agent of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender to the Rights Agent and cancellation of the Right Certificate, the Company will execute and deliver a new Right Certificate of like tenor to the Rights Agent for countersignature and delivery to the registered owner in lieu of the Right Certificate so lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated.

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Section 7. Exercise of Rights; Purchase Price; Expiration Date of Rights.

(a) The registered holder of any Right Certificate (other than a holder whose Rights have become void pursuant to Section 11(a)(ii) or have been exchanged pursuant to Section 24) may exercise the Rights evidenced thereby in whole or in part at any time after the Distribution Date upon surrender of the Right Certificate, with the appropriate form of election to purchase on the reverse side thereof properly completed and duly executed, to the Rights Agent at the offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request, together with payment of the Purchase Price for each one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right that is exercised and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax or charges required to be paid pursuant to Section 9, at or prior to the earliest of (i) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), (ii) the Final Expiration Date, (iii) the Redemption Date, and (iv) the time at which the Rights are exchanged as provided in Section 24 hereof.

(b) The purchase price to be paid upon the exercise of each Right to purchase one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right shall initially be $18.00 (the “Purchase Price”) and shall be payable in lawful money of the United States of America in accordance with Section 7(c). Each Right shall initially entitle the holder to acquire one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share upon exercise of the Right. The Purchase Price and the number of Preferred Shares or other securities for which a Right is exercisable shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as provided in Sections 11 and 13.

(c) Upon receipt of a Right Certificate representing exercisable Rights, with the form of election to purchase and certificate properly completed and duly executed, accompanied by payment of the Purchase Price for the number of Rights exercised and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax required to be paid by the holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with Section 9 by cash, certified check, cashier’s check or money order payable to the order of the Company, the Rights Agent shall thereupon promptly: (i) (A) requisition from any transfer agent of the Preferred Shares (or from the Company if there shall be no such transfer agent, or make available, if the Rights Agent is the transfer agent) certificates for the number of Preferred Shares to be purchased, and the Company hereby irrevocably authorizes its transfer agent to comply with all such requests, or (B) requisition from any depositary agent for the Preferred Shares depositary receipts representing such number of Preferred Shares as are to be purchased (in which case certificates for the Preferred Shares represented by such receipts shall be deposited by the transfer agent with the depositary agent), and the Company hereby directs any such depositary agent to comply with such request; (ii) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, requisition from the Company the amount of cash to be paid in lieu of issuance of fractional Preferred Shares in accordance with Section 14; (iii) after receipt of such certificates or depositary receipts, cause the same to be delivered to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate, registered in such name or names as may be designated in writing by such holder; and (iv) when necessary to comply with this Agreement, after receipt, deliver such cash to or upon the order of the registered holder of such Right Certificate. In the event that the Company is obligated to issue other securities of the Company, pay cash and/or distribute other property pursuant to this Agreement, the Company will make all arrangements necessary so that such other securities, cash and/or other property are available for distribution by the Rights Agent, if and when necessary to comply with this Agreement.

(d) If the registered holder of any Right Certificate shall exercise less than all the Rights evidenced thereby, a new Right Certificate evidencing Rights equivalent to the Rights remaining unexercised shall be issued by the Rights Agent and delivered to the registered holder of such Right Certificate or to such holder’s duly authorized assigns, subject to the provisions of Section 14.

(e) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or the Right Certificate to the contrary, neither the Rights Agent nor the Company shall be obligated to undertake any action with respect to a registered holder of Rights or other securities of the Company upon the occurrence of any purported transfer or exercise as set forth in this Section 7 unless such registered holder shall have (i) properly completed and duly executed the certificate contained in the appropriate form of election to purchase set forth on the reverse side of the Right Certificate surrendered for such exercise, (ii) tendered the Purchase Price (and an amount equal to any applicable transfer tax required to be paid by the holder of such Right Certificate in accordance with Section 9) to the Company in a manner set forth in Section 7(c), and (iii) provided such additional evidence of the identity of the Beneficial

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Owner (or former Beneficial Owner) or Affiliates or Associates thereof as the Company and the Rights Agent shall reasonably request.

Section 8. Cancellation and Destruction of Right Certificates. All Right Certificates surrendered for the purpose of exercise, transfer, split-up, combination or exchange shall, if surrendered to the Company or to any of its agents (other than the Rights Agent), be delivered to the Rights Agent for cancellation or in canceled form, or, if surrendered to the Rights Agent, shall be canceled by it, and no Right Certificates shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly permitted by any of the provisions of this Agreement. The Company shall deliver to the Rights Agent for cancellation and retirement, and the Rights Agent shall so cancel and retire, any other Right Certificate purchased or acquired by the Company otherwise than upon the exercise thereof. At the expense of the Company, the Rights Agent shall deliver all canceled Right Certificates which have been canceled by the Rights Agent to the Company, or shall, at the written request of the Company, destroy such canceled Right Certificates, and in such case shall deliver a certificate of destruction thereof to the Company.

Section 9. Status and Availability of Preferred Shares.

(a) The Company covenants and agrees that it will cause to be reserved and kept available, out of its authorized and unissued Preferred Shares or any Preferred Shares held in its treasury, the number of Preferred Shares that will be sufficient to permit the exercise in full of all outstanding Rights in accordance with Section 7.

(b) The Company covenants and agrees that it will take all such action as may be necessary to ensure that all Preferred Shares delivered upon exercise of Rights shall, at the time of delivery of the certificates for such Preferred Shares (subject to payment of the Purchase Price), be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and non-assessable shares.

(c) The Company further covenants and agrees that it will pay when due and payable any and all federal and state transfer taxes and charges which may be payable in respect of the issuance or delivery of the Right Certificates or of any Preferred Shares upon the exercise of Rights. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay any transfer tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer or delivery of Right Certificates to a Person other than, or the issuance or delivery of certificates or depositary receipts for the Preferred Shares in a name other than that of, the registered holder of the Right Certificate evidencing Rights surrendered for exercise, and the Company and the Rights Agent shall not be required to issue or deliver any certificates or depositary receipts for Preferred Shares upon the exercise of any Rights until any such tax or charge shall have been paid (any such tax or charge being payable by the holder of such Right Certificate at the time of surrender) or until it has been established to the Company’s and the Rights Agent’s reasonable satisfaction that no such tax is due.

Section 10. Preferred Shares Record Date. Each Person in whose name any certificate for Preferred Shares is issued upon the exercise of Rights shall for all purposes be deemed to have become the holder of record of the Preferred Shares represented thereby on, and such certificate shall be dated, the date upon which the Right Certificate evidencing such Rights was duly surrendered and payment of the Purchase Price (and any applicable transfer taxes) was made; provided, however, that, if the date of such surrender and payment is a date upon which the Preferred Shares transfer books of the Company are closed, such Person shall be deemed to have become the record holder of such shares on, and such certificate shall be dated, the next succeeding Business Day on which the Preferred Shares transfer books of the Company are open. Prior to the exercise of the Rights evidenced thereby, the holder of a Right Certificate shall not be entitled to any rights of a holder of Preferred Shares for which the Rights shall be exercisable, including, without limitation, the right to vote, to receive dividends or other distributions, or to exercise any preemptive rights, and shall not be entitled to receive any notice of any proceedings of the Company, except as provided herein.

Section 11. Adjustment of Purchase Price, Number of Shares or Number of Rights.

(a) General.

(i) In the event the Company shall at any time after the date of this Agreement (A) declare a dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares, (B) subdivide the outstanding Preferred Shares, (C) combine

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the outstanding Preferred Shares into a smaller number of Preferred Shares or (D) issue any shares of its capital stock in a reclassification of the Preferred Shares (including any such reclassification in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation), except as otherwise provided in this Section 11(a), the Purchase Price in effect at the time of the record date for such dividend or of the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, and the number and kind of shares of capital stock issuable on such date, shall be proportionately adjusted so that the holder of any Right exercised after such time shall be entitled to receive the aggregate number and kind of shares of capital stock which, if such Right had been exercised immediately prior to such date, the holder would have owned upon such exercise and been entitled to receive by virtue of such dividend, subdivision, combination or reclassification; provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the shares of capital stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of one Right.

(ii) Subject to the second paragraph of this Section 11(a)(ii) and to Section 24, from and after the Stock Acquisition Date, each holder of a Right shall have the right to receive, upon exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current Purchase Price multiplied by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares of the Company as shall equal the result obtained by (A) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (B) 50% of the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares of the Company (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the Stock Acquisition Date.

From and after the Stock Acquisition Date, any Rights that are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by (1) an Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert), (2) a transferee of any Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) who becomes such a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes an Acquiring Person or (3) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) who becomes such a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming an Acquiring Person and who receives such Rights (I) with actual knowledge that the transferor is or was an Acquiring Person or (II) pursuant to either (x) a transfer (whether or not for consideration) from the Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) to holders of equity interests in such Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) or to any Person with whom the Acquiring Person (or any Associate or Affiliate of such Acquiring Person or any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) has any continuing agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship (whether or not in writing) regarding the transferred Rights or (y) a transfer which the Board has determined is part of a plan, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) which has as a primary purpose or effect of the avoidance of this Section 11(a)(ii), (each such Person described in (1)-(3) above, an “Excluded Person”) shall, in each such case, be null and void, and any holder of such Rights (whether or not such holder is an Acquiring Person or an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or a Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights under any provision of this Agreement. No Right Certificates shall be issued pursuant to Sections 3, 6, 7(d) or 11 or otherwise hereof that represents Rights that are or have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph and any Right Certificate delivered to the Rights Agent that represents Rights that are or have become null and void pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph shall, upon receipt of written notice directing it to do so, be canceled by the Rights Agent.

(iii) If there are not sufficient authorized but unissued Common Shares to permit the exercise in full of the Rights in accordance with Section 11(a)(ii) or the exchange of the Rights in accordance with Section 24, or should the Board so elect, the Company may with respect to such deficiency, (A) determine the excess (the “Spread”) of (1) the value of the Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of a Right as provided in Section 11(a)(ii) (the “Current Value”) over (2) the Purchase Price and (B) with respect to each Right, make adequate provision to substitute for such Common Shares, upon payment of the applicable Purchase Price, any

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one or more of the following having an aggregate value determined by the Board to be equal to the Current Value: (1) cash; (2) a reduction in the Purchase Price; (3) Common Shares or other equity securities of the Company (including, without limitation, shares, or units of shares, of preferred stock which the Board has determined to have the same value as Common Shares (“Common Stock Equivalents”)); (4) debt securities of the Company; or (5) other assets, property or instruments. The Company shall provide the Rights Agent with prompt reasonably detailed written notice of any final determination under the previous sentence.

If the Board shall determine in good faith that additional Common Shares should be authorized for issuance upon exercise in full of the Rights, the Company may suspend the exercisability of the Rights in order to seek any authorization of additional shares, decide the appropriate form of distribution to be made and determine the value thereof. If the exercisability of the Rights is suspended pursuant to this Section 11(a)(iii), the Company shall make a public announcement, and shall promptly deliver to the Rights Agent a statement, stating that the exercisability of the Rights has been temporarily suspended. When the suspension is no longer in effect, the Company shall make another public announcement, and promptly deliver to the Rights Agent a statement, so stating. For purposes of this Section 11(a)(iii), the value of the Common Shares shall be the Current Per Share Market Price (as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i)) of the Common Shares as of the Stock Acquisition Date, and the value of any Common Stock Equivalent shall be deemed to have the same value as the Common Shares on such date.

(b) If the Company fixes a record date for the issuance of rights, options or warrants to all holders of Preferred Shares entitling them (for a period expiring within forty-five calendar days after such record date) to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Shares (or shares having the same rights, privileges and preferences as the Preferred Shares (“Equivalent Preferred Shares”)) or securities convertible into Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares at a price per Preferred Share or Equivalent Preferred Share (or having a conversion price per share, if a security convertible into Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares) less than the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares (as defined in Section 11(d)(ii)) on such record date, the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be adjusted by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which shall be (A) the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date plus (B) the number of Preferred Shares which the aggregate offering price of the total number of Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares to be offered (or the aggregate initial conversion price of the convertible securities to be offered) would purchase at such Current Per Share Market Price and (ii) the denominator of which shall be (A) the number of Preferred Shares outstanding on such record date plus (B) the number of additional Preferred Shares or Equivalent Preferred Shares to be offered for subscription or purchase (or into which the convertible securities to be offered are initially convertible); provided, however, that in no event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of one Right. If such subscription price may be paid in a consideration part or all of which shall be in a form other than cash, the value of such consideration shall be as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent. Preferred Shares owned by or held for the account of the Company shall not be deemed outstanding for the purpose of any such computation. Such adjustment shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed. If such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted to be the Purchase Price that would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

(c) If the Company fixes a record date for the making of a distribution to all holders of the Preferred Shares (including any distribution made in connection with a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation) of evidences of indebtedness or assets (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend or a dividend payable in Preferred Shares) or subscription rights or warrants (excluding those referred to in Section 11(b)), the Purchase Price to be in effect after such record date shall be determined by multiplying the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such record date by a fraction, (i) the numerator of which shall be the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares on such record date, less the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board) of the portion of the assets or evidences of indebtedness to be distributed or of such subscription rights or warrants applicable to one Preferred Share and (ii) the denominator of which shall be the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Preferred Shares; provided, however, that in no

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event shall the consideration to be paid upon the exercise of one Right be less than the aggregate par value of the Preferred Shares to be issued upon exercise of one Right. Such adjustments shall be made successively whenever such a record date is fixed. If such distribution is not so made, the Purchase Price shall again be adjusted to be the Purchase Price that would then be in effect if such record date had not been fixed.

(d) Current Per Share Market Price.

(i) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the “Current Per Share Market Price” of any security on any date shall be deemed to be the average of the daily closing prices per share of such security for the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to such date; provided, however, that if the Current Per Share Market Price of the security is determined during a period (A) following the announcement by the issuer of such security of (1) a dividend or distribution on such security payable in shares of such security or other securities convertible into such shares, or (2) any subdivision, combination or reclassification of such security, and (B) prior to the expiration of thirty (30) Trading Days after the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution, or the record date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification, then, and in each such case, the Current Per Share Market Price shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect the current market price per share equivalent of such security. The closing price for each day shall be the last sale price or, if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, in either case as reported by NASDAQ, or, if on any such date the security is not listed on NASDAQ, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the security selected by the Board. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the security, the fair value of the security on such date as determined in good faith by the Board shall be used.

(ii) For the purpose of any computation hereunder, the “Current Per Share Market Price” of the Preferred Shares shall be determined in accordance with the method set forth in Section 11(d)(i). If the Preferred Shares are not publicly traded, the “Current Per Share Market Price” of the Preferred Shares shall be conclusively deemed to be the Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares as determined pursuant to Section 11(d)(i) (appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof) multiplied by one thousand (1,000). If neither the Common Shares nor the Preferred Shares are publicly held or so listed or traded, “Current Per Share Market Price” means the fair value per share as determined in good faith by the Board, whose determination shall be described in a statement filed with the Rights Agent.

(e) No adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the Purchase Price; provided, however, that any adjustments which by reason of this Section 11(e) are not required to be made shall be carried forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All calculations under this Section 11 shall be made to the nearest cent or to the nearest one ten-millionth of a Preferred Share or one ten-thousandth of any other share or security as the case may be. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this Section 11(e), any adjustment required by this Section 11 shall be made no later than three years from the date of the transaction which requires such adjustment.

(f) If, as a result of an adjustment made pursuant to Section 11(a), the holder of any Right thereafter exercised shall become entitled to receive any shares of capital stock of the Company other than Preferred Shares, the number of such other shares so receivable upon exercise of any Right shall thereafter be subject to adjustment from time to time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to the provisions with respect to the Preferred Shares contained in Sections 11(a) through 11(c), inclusive, and the provisions of Sections 7, 9, 10 and 13 with respect to the Preferred Shares shall apply on like terms to any such other shares.

(g) All Rights originally issued by the Company subsequent to any adjustment made to the Purchase Price hereunder shall evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, the number of Preferred Shares purchasable from time to time hereunder upon exercise of the Rights, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.

(h) Unless the Company exercises its election as provided in Section 11(i), upon each adjustment of the Purchase Price as a result of the calculations made in Sections 11(b) and 11(c), each Right outstanding

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immediately prior to the making of such adjustment shall thereafter evidence the right to purchase, at the adjusted Purchase Price, that number of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (calculated to the nearest one ten-millionth of a Preferred Share) obtained by (i) multiplying the number of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share covered by a Right immediately prior to this adjustment by the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment of the Purchase Price and (ii) dividing the product by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after such adjustment of the Purchase Price.

(i) The Company may elect on or after the date of any adjustment of the Purchase Price to adjust the number of Rights in substitution for any adjustment in the number of Preferred Shares purchasable upon the exercise of a Right. Each of the Rights outstanding after such adjustment of the number of Rights shall be exercisable for the number of Preferred Shares for which a Right was exercisable immediately prior to such adjustment. Each Right held of record prior to such adjustment of the number of Rights shall become that number of Rights (calculated to the nearest one hundred-thousandth) obtained by dividing the Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to adjustment of the Purchase Price by the Purchase Price in effect immediately after adjustment of the Purchase Price. The Company shall make a public announcement (with prompt written notice thereof to the Rights Agent) of its election to adjust the number of Rights, indicating the record date for the adjustment and, if known at the time, the amount of the adjustment to be made. The record date may be the date on which the Purchase Price is adjusted or any day thereafter but, if the Right Certificates have been distributed, shall be at least ten (10) days after the date of the public announcement. If Right Certificates have been distributed, upon each adjustment of the number of Rights pursuant to this Section 11(i), the Company shall, as promptly as practicable, cause to be distributed to holders of record of Right Certificates on such record date Right Certificates evidencing, subject to Section 14, the additional Rights to which such holders shall be entitled as a result of such adjustment or, at the option of the Company, shall cause to be distributed to such holders of record in substitution and replacement for the Right Certificates held by such holders prior to the date of adjustment, and upon surrender thereof if required by the Company, new Right Certificates evidencing all the Rights to which such holders shall be entitled after such adjustment. Right Certificates to be so distributed shall be issued, executed and countersigned in the manner provided for herein and shall be registered in the names of the holders of record of Right Certificates on the record date specified in the public announcement.

(j) Irrespective of any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price or the number of Preferred Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Rights, the Right Certificates theretofore and thereafter issued may continue to express the Purchase Price and the number of Preferred Shares which were expressed in the initial Right Certificates issued hereunder.

(k) Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value of the Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of the Rights, the Company shall take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable Preferred Shares at such adjusted Purchase Price.

(l) If this Section 11 requires that an adjustment in the Purchase Price be made effective as of a record date for a specified event, the Company may defer, until the occurrence of such event, issuing to the holder of any Right exercised after such record date Preferred Shares and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise over and above the Preferred Shares and other capital stock or securities of the Company, if any, issuable upon such exercise on the basis of the Purchase Price in effect prior to such adjustment; provided, however, that the Company shall deliver to such holder a due bill or other appropriate instrument evidencing such holder’s right to receive such additional shares upon the occurrence of the event requiring adjustment.

(m) Anything in this Section 11 to the contrary notwithstanding, the Company shall be entitled to make such reductions in the Purchase Price, in addition to those adjustments expressly required by this Section 11, as and to the extent that it in its sole discretion shall determine to be advisable in order that any (i) combination or subdivision of the Preferred Shares, (ii) issuance wholly for cash of any Preferred Shares at less than the Current Per Share Market Price, (iii) issuance wholly for cash of Preferred Shares or securities which by their terms are convertible into or exchangeable for Preferred Shares, (iv) dividends on Preferred Shares payable in Preferred

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Shares, or (v) issuance of any rights, options or warrants referred to in Section 11(b) made by the Company after the date of this Agreement to holders of its Preferred Shares shall not be taxable to such stockholders.

(n) If, at any time after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Distribution Date, the Company (i) declares or pays any dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares or (ii) effects a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Shares (by reclassification or otherwise other than by payment of dividends in Common Shares) into a greater or lesser number of Common Shares, then in any such case (A) the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share purchasable after such event upon exercise of each Right shall be determined by multiplying the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share so purchasable immediately prior to such event by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately before such event and the denominator of which is the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and (B) each Common Share outstanding immediately after such event shall have issued with respect to it that number of Rights which each Common Share outstanding immediately prior to such event had issued with respect to it. The adjustments provided for in this Section 11(n) shall be made successively whenever such a dividend is declared or paid or such a subdivision, combination or consolidation is affected.

Section 12. Certificate of Adjustment. Whenever an adjustment is made as provided in Sections 11 and 13, the Company shall promptly (a) prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment and a reasonably detailed statement of the facts, computation, methodology and accounting for such adjustment, (b) promptly file with the Rights Agent and with each transfer agent for the Common Shares or the Preferred Shares a copy of such certificate, and (c) if such adjustment occurs following a Distribution Date, mail a brief summary thereof to each holder of a Right Certificate in accordance with Section 25. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying on any such certificate and on any adjustment or statement therein contained and shall not be obligated or responsible for calculating any adjustment, nor shall the Rights Agent be deemed to have knowledge of such an adjustment or any such event, unless and until it shall have received such certificate.

Section 13. Consolidation, Merger, Sale or Transfer of Assets or Earning Power.

(a) If, at any time after a Stock Acquisition Date: (i) the Company consolidates with, or merges with and into, any other Person; (ii) any Person consolidates with the Company, or merges with and into the Company, and the Company is the continuing or surviving corporation of such merger and, in connection with such merger, all or part of the Common Shares are or will be changed into or exchanged for stock or other securities of any other Person (or the Company) or cash or any other property; or (iii) the Company sells or otherwise transfers (or one or more of its Subsidiaries sell or otherwise transfer), in one or more transactions, assets or earning power aggregating fifty percent (50%) or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person other than the Company or one or more of its wholly owned Subsidiaries, then proper provision shall be made so that (A) each holder of a Right (except as otherwise provided herein) shall thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at a price equal to the then current Purchase Price multiplied by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and in lieu of Preferred Shares, such number of Common Shares of such other Person (including the Company as successor thereto or as the surviving corporation) as shall equal the result obtained by (1) multiplying the then current Purchase Price by the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share for which a Right is then exercisable and dividing that product by (2) fifty percent (50%) of the then Current Per Share Market Price of the Common Shares of such other Person (determined pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof) on the date of consummation of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, (B) the issuer of such Common Shares shall thereafter be liable for, and shall assume, by virtue of such consolidation, merger, sale or transfer, all the obligations and duties of the Company pursuant to this Agreement, (C) the term “Company” shall thereafter be deemed to refer to such issuer, and (D) such issuer shall take steps (including, but not limited to, the reservation of a sufficient number of shares of its common stock) in connection with such consummation as may be necessary to ensure that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable in relation to the Common Shares thereafter deliverable upon the exercise of the Rights.

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(b) The Company shall not enter into any transaction of the kind referred to in this Section 13 if, at the time of such transaction, there are any rights, warrants, instruments or securities outstanding or any agreements or arrangements which, as a result of the consummation of such transaction, would eliminate or substantially diminish the benefits intended to be afforded by the Rights. The provisions of this Section 13 shall apply to successive mergers or consolidations or sales or other transfers.

Section 14. Fractional Rights and Fractional Shares.

(a) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Rights or to distribute Right Certificates which evidence fractional Rights. In lieu of such fractional Rights, the Company may instead pay to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional Rights would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of a whole Right. For the purposes of this Section 14(a), the current market value of a whole Right shall be the closing price of the Rights (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date on which such fractional Rights would have been otherwise issuable.

(b) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Preferred Shares (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share) upon exercise of the Rights or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Preferred Shares (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share). Fractions of Preferred Shares in integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts, pursuant to an agreement between the Company and a depositary selected by the Company; provided, that such agreement shall provide that the holders of such depositary receipts shall have all the rights, privileges and preferences to which they are entitled as Beneficial Owners of the Preferred Shares represented by such depositary receipts. In lieu of fractional Preferred Shares that are not integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, the Company shall pay to each registered holder of Right Certificates at the time such Rights are exercised as herein provided an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current market value of one Preferred Share as the fraction of one Preferred Share that such holder would otherwise receive upon the exercise of the aggregate number of rights exercised by such holder. For the purposes of this Section 14(b), the current market value of a Preferred Share shall be the closing price of a Preferred Share (pursuant to Section 11(d)(ii)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of such exercise.

(c) The closing price for any day shall be the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices as reported by NASDAQ, or if on any such date the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, are not listed on NASDAQ, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, selected by the Board. If on any such date no such market maker is making a market in the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, the fair value of the Rights or Preferred Shares, as applicable, on such date as determined in good faith by the Board shall be used.

(d) The holder of a Right by the acceptance of the Right expressly waives any right to receive fractional Rights or fractional shares upon exercise of a Right (except as provided in this Section 14).

(e) Whenever a payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares is to be made by the Rights Agent under any section of this Agreement, the Company shall (i) promptly prepare and deliver to the Rights Agent a certificate setting forth in reasonable detail the facts related to such payments and the prices and formulas utilized in calculating such payments, and (ii) provide sufficient monies to the Rights Agent in the form of fully collected funds to make such payments. The Rights Agent shall be fully protected in relying upon such a certificate. The Rights Agent shall have no duty with respect to, and shall not be deemed to have knowledge of, any payment for fractional Rights or fractional shares under any section of this Agreement relating to the payment of fractional Rights or fractional shares unless and until the Rights Agent shall have received such a certificate and sufficient monies.

Section 15. Rights of Action. All rights of action in respect of this Agreement, excepting the rights of action given to the Rights Agent under Section 18, are vested in the respective registered holders of the Right

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Certificates (and, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the Common Shares). Any registered holder of any Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the Common Shares) may, without the consent of the Rights Agent or of the holder of any other Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the registered holders of the Common Shares), on such holder’s own behalf and for such holder’s own benefit, enforce, and may institute and maintain any suit, action or proceeding against the Company to enforce, or otherwise act in respect of, such holder’s right to exercise the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate in the manner provided in such Right Certificate and in this Agreement. Without limiting the foregoing or any remedies available to the holders of Rights, it is specifically acknowledged that the holders of Rights would not have an adequate remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement by the Company and will be entitled to specific performance of the obligations under, and injunctive relief against actual or threatened violations of the obligations hereunder of the Company.

Section 16. Agreement of Right Holders. Every holder of a Right, by accepting the same, consents and agrees with the Company and the Rights Agent and with every other holder of a Right that:

(a) prior to the Distribution Date, the Rights will be transferable only in connection with the transfer of the Common Shares;

(b) after the Distribution Date, the Right Certificates are transferable only on the registry books maintained by the Rights Agent if surrendered at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, duly endorsed or accompanied by a proper instrument of transfer with the appropriate form of certification, properly completed and duly executed, accompanied by a signature guarantee and such other documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request;

(c) the Company and the Rights Agent may deem and treat the Person in whose name the Right Certificate (or, prior to the Distribution Date, the associated Common Shares certificate) is registered as the absolute owner thereof and of the Rights evidenced thereby (notwithstanding any notations of ownership or writing on the Right Certificates or the associated Common Shares certificate made by anyone other than the Company or the Rights Agent) for all purposes whatsoever, and neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary; and

(d) notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, neither the Company nor the Rights Agent shall have any liability to any holder of a Right or other Person as a result of the inability of the Company or the Rights Agent to perform any of its or their obligations under this Agreement by reason of any preliminary or permanent injunction or other order, decree, judgment or ruling issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental, regulatory or administrative agency or commission, or any statute, rule, regulation or executive order promulgated or enacted by any governmental authority prohibiting or otherwise restraining performance of such obligation.

Section 17. Right Certificate Holder Not Deemed a Stockholder. No holder, as such, of any Right Certificate shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends, or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred Shares or any other securities of the Company that may at any time be issuable on the exercise of the Rights represented thereby, nor shall anything contained herein or in any Right Certificate be construed to confer upon the holder of any Right Certificate, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in Section 25), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate shall have been exercised in accordance with the provisions hereof.

Section 18. Concerning the Rights Agent. The Company agrees to pay to the Rights Agent reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder accordance with a fee schedule to be mutually agreed upon, and, from time to time, on demand of the Rights Agent, to reimburse the Rights Agent for all of its reasonable expenses and counsel fees and other disbursements incurred in the preparation, delivery, negotiation, administration, execution and amendment, of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties

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hereunder. The Company also covenants and agrees to indemnify the Rights Agent for, and to hold it harmless against, any and all loss, liability, damage, judgment, fine, penalty, claim, demand, settlement, cost or expense (including, without limitation, the reasonable fees and expenses of legal counsel) that may be paid, incurred or suffered by it, or which it may become subject, without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Rights Agent (which gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction), for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by the Rights Agent in connection with the execution, acceptance and, administration of, exercise and performance of its duties under this Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending against any claim or liability arising therefrom or in connection therewith, directly or indirectly. The provisions under this Section 18 and Section 20 below shall survive the expiration of the Rights and the termination of this Agreement and the resignation, replacement or removal of the Rights Agent. The reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Rights Agent in enforcing this right of indemnification shall be paid by the Company.

The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and protected and shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in connection with its acceptance and administration of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder, in each case in reliance upon any Right Certificate or certificate for Preferred Shares or for other securities of the Company, instrument of assignment or transfer, power of attorney, endorsement, affidavit, letter, notice, instruction, direction, consent, certificate, statement, or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to be signed, executed and, where necessary, verified or acknowledged by the proper Person or Persons, or otherwise upon the advice of counsel as set forth in Section 20. The Rights Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any event of which it was supposed to receive notice thereof hereunder, and the Rights Agent shall be fully protected and shall incur no liability for failing to take action in connection therewith, unless and until it has received such notice in writing.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in no event will the Rights Agent be liable for special, punitive, indirect, incidental or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Rights Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

Section 19. Merger or Consolidation or Change of Name of Rights Agent. Any Person into which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may be merged or with which it may be consolidated, or any Person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent shall be a party, or any Person succeeding to the stock transfer or other shareholder services business of the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent, shall be the successor to the Rights Agent under this Agreement without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto; provided that such Person would be eligible for appointment as a successor Rights Agent under the provisions of Section 21. The purchase of all or substantially all of the Rights Agent’s assets employed in the performance of transfer agent activities shall be deemed a merger or consolidation for purposes of this Section 19. If, at the time such successor Rights Agent shall succeed to the agency created by this Agreement, any of the Right Certificates shall have been countersigned but not delivered, any such successor Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature of the predecessor Rights Agent and deliver such Right Certificates so countersigned. If, at that time, any of the Right Certificates shall not have been countersigned, any successor Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in the name of the predecessor Rights Agent or in the name of the successor Rights Agent. In all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

If, at any time, the name of the Rights Agent changes and any of the Right Certificates have been countersigned but not delivered, the Rights Agent may adopt the countersignature under its prior name and deliver Right Certificates so countersigned. If, at that time, any of the Right Certificates have not been countersigned, the Rights Agent may countersign such Right Certificates either in its prior name or in its changed name. In all such cases such Right Certificates shall have the full force provided in the Right Certificates and in this Agreement.

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Section 20. Rights and Duties of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent undertakes to perform only the duties and obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement and no implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement against the Rights Agent. The Rights Agent shall perform its duties and obligations hereunder upon the following terms and conditions, by all of which the Company and the holders of Right Certificates, by their acceptance thereof, shall be bound:

(a) The Rights Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be legal counsel for the Company or an employee or legal counsel of the Rights Agent), and the advice or opinion of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of as to any action taken or omitted by it in the absence of bad faith and in accordance with such advice or opinion.

(b) Whenever in the performance of its duties under this Agreement the Rights Agent shall deem it necessary or desirable that any fact or matter be proved or established by the Company prior to taking, suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such fact or matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein) may be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by a certificate signed by a person reasonably believed by the Rights Agent to be any one of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel, any Vice President or the Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Rights Agent, and such certificate shall be full authorization to the Rights Agent and the Rights Agent shall incur no liability for or in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Agreement in reliance upon such certificate. The Rights Agent shall have no duty to act without such a certificate as set forth in this Section 20(b) and will not be liable for any delay related thereto.

(c) The Rights Agent shall be liable only for its own gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct (which gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct must be determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction) in connection with its acceptance and administration of this Agreement and the exercise and performance of its duties hereunder. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, any liability of the Rights Agent under this Agreement will be limited to the amount of annual fees paid by the Company to the Rights Agent during the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the event for which recovery from the Rights Agent is being sought.

(d) The Rights Agent shall not be liable for or by reason of any of the statements of fact or recitals contained in this Agreement or in the Right Certificates (except as to its countersignature thereof) or be required to verify the same. All such statements and recitals are and shall be deemed to have been made by the Company only.

(e) The Rights Agent shall not have any liability for or be under any responsibility in respect of the validity of this Agreement or the execution and delivery hereof (except the due execution hereof by the Rights Agent) or in respect of the legality or validity or execution of any Right Certificate (except its countersignature thereof); nor shall it be responsible for any determination by the Board with respect to the Rights or breach by the Company of any covenant or failure by the Company to satisfy any condition contained in this Agreement or in any Right Certificate; nor shall it be liable or responsible for any modification by or order of any court, tribunal or governmental authority in connection with the foregoing, any change in the exercisability of the Rights or any adjustment required under the provisions of Sections 11 or 13 or for the manner, method or amount of any such adjustment or other calculation required hereunder or the ascertaining of the existence of facts that would require any such adjustment or calculation (except with respect to the exercise of Rights evidenced by Right Certificates after receipt of a certificate furnished pursuant to Section 12 describing such adjustment); nor shall it by any act hereunder be deemed to make any representation or warranty as to the authorization or reservation of any shares of Preferred Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement or any Right Certificate or as to whether any Preferred Shares will, when so issued, be validly authorized and issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

(f) The Company agrees that it will perform, execute, acknowledge and deliver, or cause to be performed, executed, acknowledged and delivered, all such further and other acts, instruments and assurances as may reasonably be required or reasonably requested by the Rights Agent for the carrying out or performing by the Rights Agent of the provisions of this Agreement.

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(g) The Rights Agent is hereby authorized and directed to accept written instructions with respect to the performance of its duties hereunder and certificates delivered pursuant to any provision hereof from any person reasonably believed by the Rights Agent to be from any one of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel any Vice President or the Secretary of the Company, and to apply to such officers for advice or instructions in connection with its duties under this Agreement, and such advice or instructions shall provide full authorization and protection to the Rights Agent, and the Rights Agent shall not be liable for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with the written advice or instructions of any such officer or for any delay in acting while waiting for these instructions. The Rights Agent shall be fully authorized and protected in relying upon the most recent advice or instructions received by any such officer. Any application by the Rights Agent for written instructions from the Company may, at the option of the Rights Agent, set forth in writing any action proposed to be taken or omitted by the Rights Agent with respect to its duties or obligations under this Agreement.

(h) The Rights Agent and any affiliate, stockholder, director, officer, agent, representative or employee of the Rights Agent may buy, sell or deal in any of the Rights or other securities of the Company, or become pecuniarily interested in any transaction in which the Company may be interested, or contract with or lend money to the Company, or otherwise act as fully and freely as though it were not the Rights Agent under this Agreement, in each case in compliance with applicable laws. Nothing herein shall preclude the Rights Agent and such other Persons from acting in any other capacity for the Company or for any other legal entity.

(i) The Rights Agent may execute and exercise any of the rights or powers hereby vested in it or perform any duty hereunder either itself or by or through its attorneys or agents. The Rights Agent shall not be answerable or accountable for any act, omission, default, neglect, or misconduct of any such attorneys or agents or for any loss to the Company or any other Person resulting from any such act, omission, default, neglect or misconduct, absent gross negligence or bad faith in the selection and continued employment of such attorneys or agents thereof (which gross negligence or bad faith must be determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction).

(j) No provision of this Agreement shall require the Rights Agent to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of its rights if the Rights Agent believes that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnification against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.

(k) The Rights Agent shall not be required to take notice or be deemed to have notice of any fact, event or determination (including, without limitation, any dates or events defined in this Agreement or the designation of any Person as an Acquiring Person, an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or a Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert) under this Agreement unless and until the Rights Agent shall be specifically notified in writing by the Company of such fact, event or determination, and all notices or other instruments required by this Agreement to be delivered to the Rights Agent must, in order to be effective, be received by the Rights Agent as specified in Section 26 hereof, and in the absence of such notice so delivered, the Rights Agent may conclusively assume no such event or condition exists.

(l) The Rights Agent shall have no responsibility to the Company or any holders of the Right Certificates for interest or earnings on any moneys held by the Rights Agent pursuant to this Agreement.

Section 21. Change of Rights Agent. The Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties under this Agreement upon thirty (30) days’ notice in writing mailed to the Company and, in the event that the Rights Agent or one of its Affiliates is not also the transfer agent for the Company, to each transfer agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares pursuant to Section 26. The Company may remove the Rights Agent or any successor Rights Agent upon thirty (30) days’ notice in writing, mailed to the Rights Agent or successor Rights Agent, as the case may be, and to each transfer agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares by registered or certified mail, and, after the Distribution Date, to the holders of the Right Certificates by first class mail. In the event the transfer agency relationship in effect between the Company and the Rights Agent terminates, the Rights Agent will be deemed to have resigned automatically and be

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discharged from its duties as Rights Agent under this Agreement as of the effective date of such termination, and the Company shall be responsible for sending any required notice. If the Rights Agent shall resign or be removed or shall otherwise become incapable of acting, the Company shall appoint a successor to the Rights Agent. If the Company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty (30) days after giving notice of such removal or after it has been notified in writing of such resignation or incapacity by the resigning or incapacitated Rights Agent, then the incumbent Rights Agent or registered holder of any Right Certificate may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a new Rights Agent. Any successor Rights Agent, whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be (a) a Person (other than a natural person) organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any state of the United States, in good standing, which is authorized under such laws to exercise stock transfer powers, is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority, and has, along with its Affiliates, at the time of its appointment as Rights Agent a combined capital and surplus of at least $50 million or (b) an Affiliate of a Person described in clause (a) of this sentence. After appointment, the successor Rights Agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and responsibilities as if it had been originally named as Rights Agent without further act or deed, and the predecessor Rights Agent shall deliver and transfer to the successor Rights Agent any property at the time held by it hereunder, and shall execute and deliver any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed necessary for the purpose but such predecessor Rights Agent shall not be required to make any additional expenditure or assume any additional liability in connection with the foregoing, and shall thereafter be discharged from all duties and obligations hereunder. Not later than the effective date of any such appointment the Company shall file notice thereof in writing with the predecessor Rights Agent and each transfer agent of the Common Shares and the Preferred Shares, and, after the Distribution Date, mail a notice in writing to the registered holders of the Right Certificates. Failure to give any notice provided for in this Section 21, however, or any defect therein, shall not affect the legality or validity of the resignation or removal of the Rights Agent or the appointment of the successor Rights Agent, as the case may be.

Section 22. Issuance of New Right Certificates. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Agreement or of the Right Certificates to the contrary, the Company may, at its option, issue new Right Certificates evidencing Rights in such form as may be approved by the Board to reflect any adjustment or change in the Purchase Price and the number or kind or class of shares or other securities or property purchasable under the Right Certificates made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. In addition, in connection with the issuance or sale of Common Shares following the Distribution Date and prior to the earlier of (a) the Early Expiration Date (if applicable), (b) the Final Expiration Date, (c) the Redemption Date, and (d) the time at which the Rights are exchanged as provided in Section 24 hereof, the Company (i) shall, with respect to Common Shares so issued or sold pursuant to the exercise of stock options or under any employee benefit plan or arrangement, granted or awarded as of the Distribution Date, or upon the exercise, conversion or exchange of securities hereinafter issued by the Company (except as may otherwise be provided in the instrument(s) governing such securities), and (ii) may, in any other case, if deemed necessary or appropriate by the Board, issue Right Certificates representing the appropriate number of Rights in connection with such issuance or sale; provided, however, that (A) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, the Company shall be advised by counsel that such issuance would create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Company or the Person to whom such Right Certificate would be issued, and (B) no such Right Certificate shall be issued if, and to the extent that, appropriate adjustment shall otherwise have been made in lieu of the issuance thereof.

Section 23. Redemption.

(a) The Board may, at its option, at any time prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, redeem all, but not less than all, of the then outstanding Rights at a redemption price of $0.0001 per Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights by the Board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and subject to such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish.

(b) Immediately upon the time of the effectiveness of the redemption of the Rights or such earlier time as may be determined by the Board in the action ordering such redemption (although not earlier than the time of

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such action) (the “Redemption Date”), and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise the Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of the holders of Rights shall be to receive the Redemption Price. The Company shall promptly give public notice of any such redemption (with prompt written notice to the Rights Agent); provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the validity of such redemption. Within ten (10) Business Days after action of the Board ordering the redemption of the Rights, the Company shall mail, or cause the Rights Agent to mail (at the expense of the Company), a notice of redemption to the holders of the then outstanding Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent or, prior to the Distribution Date, on the registry books of the transfer agent for the Common Shares. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. If the payment of the Redemption Price is not included with such notice, each such notice shall state the method by which the payment of the Redemption Price will be made. Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates or Associates may redeem, acquire or purchase for value any Rights at any time in any manner other than that specifically set forth in this Section 23 or in Section 24, other than in connection with the purchase of Common Shares prior to the Distribution Date.

Section 24. Exchange.

(a) The Board may, at its option, at any time after a Stock Acquisition Date, mandatorily exchange all or part of the then outstanding and exercisable Rights (which excludes Rights held by an Excluded Person) for Common Shares at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share represented by a Right, appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction occurring after the date hereof (the “Exchange Ratio”). From and after the occurrence of an event specified in Section 13(a), any rights that theretofore have not been exchanged pursuant to this Section 24 shall thereafter be exercisable only in accordance with Section 13 and may not be exchanged pursuant to this Section 24. The exchange of the Rights by the Board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish.

(b) Immediately upon the action of the Board ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 24(a), and without any further action and without any notice, the right to exercise such Rights shall terminate and the only right thereafter of a holder of such Rights shall be to receive that number of Common Shares equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the Exchange Ratio. The Company shall promptly give reasonably detailed written notice of any such exchange to the Rights Agent, and shall promptly give public notice of any such exchange; provided, however, that the failure to give, or any defect in, any such notice shall not affect the validity of such exchange. Within ten (10) Business Days after action by the Board ordering the exchange of any Rights pursuant to Section 24(a), the Company shall mail, or cause the Rights Agent to mail, a notice of any such exchange to the holders of such Rights at their last addresses as they appear upon the registry books of the Rights Agent. Any notice mailed in the manner herein provided shall be deemed given, whether or not the holder receives the notice. Each such notice of exchange will state the method by which the exchange of the Common Shares for Rights will be effected and, in the event of any partial exchange, the number of Rights which will be exchanged. Any partial exchange shall be effected pro rata based on the number of Rights (other than Rights held by an Excluded Person) held by each holder of Rights.

(c) In any exchange pursuant to this Section 24, the Company, at its option, may substitute Preferred Shares or Common Stock Equivalents for Common Shares exchangeable for Rights, at the initial rate of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (or an appropriate number of Common Stock Equivalents) for each Common Share, as appropriately adjusted.

(d) If there shall not be sufficient Common Shares, Preferred Shares or Common Stock Equivalents authorized but unissued to permit any exchange of Rights as contemplated in accordance with this Section 24, the Company shall take all such action as may be necessary to authorize additional Common Shares, Preferred Shares or Common Stock Equivalents for issuance upon exchange of the Rights.

(e) The Company shall not be required to issue fractions of Common Shares or to distribute certificates which evidence fractional Common Shares. In lieu of issuing fractional Common Shares, the Company may

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instead pay to the registered holders of the Right Certificates with regard to which such fractional Common Shares would otherwise be issuable an amount in cash equal to the same fraction of the current per share market value of a whole Common Share. For the purposes of this Section 24(e), the current per share market value of a whole Common Share shall be the closing price of a Common Share (as determined pursuant to the second sentence of Section 11(d)(i)) for the Trading Day immediately prior to the date of exchange pursuant to this Section 24.

Section 25. Notice of Certain Events.

(a) If the Company shall after the Distribution Date propose: (i) to pay any dividend payable in stock of any class to the holders of its Preferred Shares or to make any other distribution to the holders of its Preferred Shares (other than a regular quarterly cash dividend); (ii) to offer to the holders of its Preferred Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or to purchase any additional Preferred Shares or shares of stock of any class or any other securities, rights or options; (iii) to effect any reclassification of its Preferred Shares (other than a reclassification involving only the subdivision of outstanding Preferred Shares); (iv) to effect any consolidation or merger into or with any other Person, or to effect any sale or other transfer (or to permit one or more of its Subsidiaries to effect any sale or other transfer), in one or more transactions, of fifty percent (50%) or more of the assets or earning power of the Company and its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any other Person; (v) to effect the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company; or (vi) to declare or pay any dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares, or to effect a subdivision, combination or consolidation of the Common Shares (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of dividends in Common Shares), then, in each such case, the Company shall give to each holder of a Right Certificate and the Rights Agent, in accordance with Section 26, a reasonably detailed notice of such proposed action, which shall specify the record date for the purposes of such stock dividend, or distribution of rights or warrants, or the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer, liquidation, dissolution or winding-up is to take place and the date of participation therein by the holders of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares or both, if any such date is to be fixed, and such notice shall be so given in the case of any action covered by clause (i) or (ii) above at least ten (10) days prior to the record date for determining holders of the Preferred Shares for purposes of such action, and in the case of any such other action, at least ten days prior to the date of the taking of such proposed action or the date of participation therein by the holders of the Common Shares or Preferred Shares or both, whichever shall be the earlier.

(b) The Company shall, as soon as practicable after a Stock Acquisition Date, give to the Rights Agent and each holder of a Right Certificate, in accordance with Section 26, a notice that describes the transaction in which the a Person became an Acquiring Person and the consequences of the transaction to holders of Rights under Section 11(a)(ii).

Section 26. Notices. Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Rights Agent or by the holder of any Right Certificate to or on the Company shall be sufficiently given or made if in writing and when sent by overnight delivery service or first-class mail, postage prepaid, properly addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Rights Agent) as follows:

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

One Broadway, 14th Floor

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142

Attention:    Tim Surgenor, Secretary

With a copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

Paul Hastings, LLP

4747 Executive Drive, Twelfth Floor

San Diego, CA 92121

Attention: Carl R. Sanchez

Facsimile: (858) 458-3130

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Subject to the provisions of Section 21, any notice or demand authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or by the holder of any Right Certificate to or on the Rights Agent shall be deemed given upon receipt and shall be sufficiently given or made if in writing when sent by overnight delivery service or registered or certified mail properly addressed (until another address is filed in writing with the Company) as follows:

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

250 Royall Street

Canton, MA 02021

Attention: Client Services

Notices or demands authorized by this Agreement to be given or made by the Company or the Rights Agent to the holder of any Right Certificate shall be sufficiently given or made if in writing, when sent by first-class mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such holder at the address of such holder as shown on the registry books of the Company.

Section 27. Supplements and Amendments. The Company may from time to time, and the Rights Agent shall if the Company so directs in writing, supplement or amend this Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, or to make any change to or delete any provision hereof or to adopt any other provisions with respect to the Rights which the Company may deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that, from and after such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, this Agreement shall not be amended or supplemented in any manner which would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights (other than an Acquiring Person and its Affiliates and Associates and any other Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert). For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall be entitled to adopt and implement such procedures and arrangements (including with third parties) as it may deem necessary or desirable to facilitate the exercise, exchange, trading, issuance or distribution of the Rights (and Preferred Shares) as contemplated hereby and to ensure that an Excluded Person does not obtain the benefits thereof, and amendments in respect of the foregoing shall not be deemed to adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights. Any supplement or amendment authorized by this Section 27 will be evidenced by a writing signed by the Company and the Rights Agent, subject to certification by any of the officers of the Company listed in Section 20(b) that any such supplement or amendment complies with this Section 27. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Rights Agent shall not be required to execute any supplement or amendment to this Agreement that it has reasonably determined would adversely affect its own rights, duties, obligations or immunities under this Agreement. No supplement or amendment to this Agreement shall be effective unless duly executed by the Rights Agent.

Section 28. Successors. All the covenants and provisions of this Agreement by or for the benefit of the Company or the Rights Agent shall bind and inure to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns hereunder.

Section 29. Benefits of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give to any Person or entity other than the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Agreement. This Agreement shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Company, the Rights Agent and the registered holders of the Right Certificates.

Section 30. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; provided, however, that if such excluded provision shall affect the rights, immunities, liabilities, duties or obligations of the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall be entitled to resign immediately upon written notice to the Company.

Section 31. Governing Law. This Agreement and each Right Certificate issued hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in

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accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts to be made and performed entirely within such State; provided, however, that all provisions regarding the rights, duties, liabilities and obligations of the Rights Agent shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State.

Section 32. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A signature to this Agreement transmitted electronically shall have the same authority, effect and enforceability as an original signature.

Section 33. Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.

Section 34. Administration. Other than with respect to rights, duties, obligations and immunities of the Rights Agent, the Board shall have the exclusive power and authority to administer and interpret the provisions of this Agreement and to exercise all rights and powers specifically granted to the Board or the Company or as may be necessary or advisable in the administration of this Agreement. All such actions, calculations, determinations and interpretations which are done or made by the Board in good faith shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Company, the Rights Agent, holders of the Rights and all other parties and shall not subject the Board to any liability to the holders of the Rights. The Rights Agent is entitled always to assume the Board acted in good faith and shall be fully protected and incur no liability in reliance thereon.

Section 35. Force Majeure. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Rights Agent shall not be liable for any delays or failures in performance resulting from acts beyond its reasonable control including, without limitation, acts of God, terrorist acts, shortage of supply, breakdowns or malfunctions, interruptions or malfunction of any utilities, communications, or computer facilities, or loss of data due to power failures or mechanical difficulties with information storage or retrieval systems, labor difficulties, war, or civil unrest.

Section 36. Process to Seek Exemption. Any Person who desires to effect any acquisition of securities that might, if consummated, result in such Person becoming an Acquiring Person hereunder (a “Requesting Person”) may, prior to any such acquisition and in accordance with this Section 36, request that the Board grant an exemption with respect to such acquisition under this Agreement so that such Person would be deemed to be an Exempt Person hereunder (an “Exemption Request”). An Exemption Request shall be in proper form and shall be delivered to the Company in accordance with the notice provisions of Section 26 of this Agreement. The Exemption Request shall be deemed made upon confirmed receipt by the Secretary of the Company. To be in proper form, an Exemption Request shall set forth (a) the name and address of the Requesting Person, (b) the number and percentage of Common Shares then Beneficially Owned by the Requesting Person, together with all Affiliates and Associates of the Requesting Person, and (c) a reasonably detailed description of the transaction or transactions by which the Requesting Person would propose to acquire Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares aggregating 4.9% or more of the Common Shares then outstanding and the maximum number and percentage of Common Shares that the Requesting Person proposes to acquire. The Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, shall endeavor to make a determination whether to grant an exemption in response to an Exemption Request as promptly as practicable (and, in any event, within twenty (20) Business Days) after receipt thereof; provided, that the failure of the Board (or any such committee) to make a determination within such period shall be deemed to constitute the denial by the Board of the Exemption Request. The Requesting Person shall respond promptly to reasonable and appropriate requests for additional information from the Board and its advisors to assist the Board in making its determination. The Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, shall only grant an exemption in response to an Exemption Request if the Board determines in its sole and absolute discretion, or such committee determines in its sole and absolute discretion, that the acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares by the Requesting Person, considered alone or with other transactions (including past transactions or contemplated transactions), (i) will not jeopardize or endanger the Tax Benefits of the Company, taking into account such facts and circumstances as the Board (or

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any such committee of independent directors) reasonably deems relevant or (ii) is otherwise in the best interests of the Company. Any exemption granted hereunder may be granted in whole or in part, and may be subject to limitations or conditions (including a requirement that the Requesting Person agree that it will not acquire Beneficial Ownership of Common Shares in excess of the maximum number and percentage of shares approved by the Board), in each case, as and to the extent the Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, shall determine necessary or desirable to provide for the protection of the Tax Benefits or as is otherwise in the best interests of the Company. The Exemption Request shall be considered and evaluated by the Board, or a duly constituted committee of independent directors, and the action of a majority of such directors (or such committee) shall be deemed to be the determination of the Board for purposes of such Exemption Request.

[Signature Page Follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
    By:

/s/ Gary L. Crocker

Name: Gary L. Crocker
Title: President
COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
    By:

/s/ Jeanine Caldwell

Name: Jeanine Caldwell
Title: VP, Relationship Management

[Signature Page to Section 382 Rights Agreement]


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATIONDESIGNATION

OF

merrimack pharmaceuticals, Inc.SERIES Z JUNIOR PARTICIPATING PREFERRED STOCK

OF

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Pursuant to Section 242 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware)

Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Corporation”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the provisions151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware)

In accordance with Section 151 of the Delaware doesGeneral Corporation Law, the undersigned corporation hereby certify as follows:

Acertifies that the following resolution was duly adopted by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”) at a meeting duly called and held on November 22, 2019:

RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority granted to and vested in the Board in accordance with the provisions of the Corporation pursuant to Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware setting forth a proposed amendment to theCompany’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended and as may be further amended from time to time (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the Board hereby creates, as of and contingent with the Rights Agreement being signed, a series of junior participating preferred stock of the Company to be designated “Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock” with a par value of $0.01 per share, and hereby states the designation and number of shares, and fixes the designations and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof (in addition to the provisions set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation, which are applicable to the Preferred Stock of all classes and series):

Section 1. Designation and Amount. The shares of this series shall be designated as Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the “Series Z Junior Preferred Stock”), and the number of shares constituting the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be 30,000. Such number of shares may be increased or decreased by resolution of the Board; provided, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of shares then outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options, rights or warrants or upon the conversion of any outstanding securities issued by the Corporation convertible into Series Z Junior Preferred Stock.

Section 2. Dividends and Distributions.

(a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of any series of Preferred Stock (or any other stock) ranking prior and superior to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock with respect to dividends, the holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board out of funds legally available for the purpose, quarterly dividends payable in cash on the last day of March, June, September and December in each year (each such date a “Quarterly Dividend Payment Date”), commencing on the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date after the first issuance of a share or fraction of a share of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, in an amount (if any) per share (rounded to the nearest cent), subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate per share amount (payable in kind) of all non-cash dividends or other distributions, other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Corporation or a subdivision of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise) declared on the Common Stock since the immediately preceding Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or, with respect to the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, since the first issuance of any share or fraction of a share of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the amount to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such

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amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and declaring said amendmentthe denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(b) The Corporation shall declare a dividend or distribution on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section 2 immediately after it declares a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock (other than a dividend payable in shares of Common Stock).

(c) Dividends due pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section 2 shall begin to accrue and be advisable.cumulative on outstanding shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock from the Quarterly Dividend Payment Date next preceding the date of issue of such shares, unless the date of issue of such shares is prior to the record date for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in which case dividends on such shares shall begin to accrue from the date of issue of such shares, or unless the date of issue is a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date or is a date after the record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock entitled to receive a quarterly dividend and before such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date, in either of which events such dividends shall begin to accrue and be cumulative from such Quarterly Dividend Payment Date. Accrued but unpaid dividends shall not bear interest. Dividends paid on the shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock in an amount less than the total amount of such dividends at the time accrued and payable on such shares shall be allocated pro rata on a share-by-share basis among all such shares at the time outstanding. The Board may fix a record date for the determination of holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock entitled to receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon, which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for the payment thereof.

Section 3. Voting Rights. The holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have the following voting rights:

(a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, each share of Series Z Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to 1,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the number of votes per share to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, by the Certificate of Incorporation, including any other Certificate of Designation creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock, the bylaws of the Corporation or by applicable law, the holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock and any other capital stock of the Corporation having general voting rights shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation.

(c) Except as set forth herein, or as otherwise required by law, holders of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights and their consent shall not be required (except to the extent they are entitled to vote with holders of Common Stock as set forth herein) for taking any corporate action.

Section 4. Certain Restrictions.

(a) Whenever quarterly dividends or other dividends or distributions payable on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock as provided in Section 2 are in arrears, thereafter and until all accrued and unpaid dividends and distributions, whether or not declared, on shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock outstanding shall have been paid in full, the Corporation shall not:

(i) declare or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock;

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(ii) declare or pay dividends, or make any other distributions, on any shares of stock ranking on a parity (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) with the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, except dividends paid ratably on the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and all such parity stock on which dividends are payable or in arrears in proportion to the total amounts to which the holders of all such shares are then entitled; or

(iii) redeem or purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration shares of any stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, provided that the Corporation may at any time redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any such junior stock in exchange for shares of any stock of the Corporation ranking junior (as to dividends and upon dissolution, liquidation or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock.

(b) The Corporation shall not permit any subsidiary of the Corporation to purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any shares of stock of the Corporation unless the Corporation could, under paragraph (a) of this Section 4, purchase or otherwise acquire such shares at such time and in such manner.

Section 5. Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock purchased or otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner whatsoever shall be retired and canceled promptly after the acquisition thereof. The Corporation shall take all such actions as are necessary to cause all such shares to become authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock that may be reissued as part of a new series of Preferred Stock subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth herein or in the Certificate of Incorporation, including any Certificate of Designation creating a series of Preferred Stock or any similar stock, or as otherwise required by law.

Section 6. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding-Up.

(a) Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, voluntary or otherwise, no distribution shall be made to the holders of stock ranking junior (either as to dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up) to the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock unless, prior thereto, the holders of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall have received an amount per share (the “Series Z Liquidation Preference”), subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate amount to be distributed per share to holders of shares of Common Stock plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the aggregate amount to which holders of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event under the preceding sentence shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

(b) If there are not sufficient assets available to permit payment in full of the Series Z Liquidation Preference and the liquidation preferences of all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation, if any, that rank on a parity with the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock in respect thereof, then the assets available for such distribution shall be distributed ratably to the holders of the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock and the holders of such parity shares in proportion to their respective liquidation preferences.

(c) Neither the merger nor consolidation of the Corporation into or with another entity nor the merger or consolidation of any other entity into or with the Corporation shall be deemed to be a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation within the meaning of this Section 6.

Section 7. Consolidation, Merger, Etc. If the Corporation shall enter into any consolidation, merger, combination or other transaction in which the shares of Common Stock are exchanged for or changed into other stock or securities, cash and/or any other property, then in any such case each share of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall at the same time be similarly exchanged or changed into an amount per share, subject to the provision

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for adjustment hereinafter set forth, equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate amount of stock, securities, cash and/or any other property (payable in kind), as the case may be, into which or for which each share of Common Stock is changed or exchanged. In the event the Corporation shall at any time declare or pay any dividend on the Common Stock payable in shares of Common Stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (by reclassification or otherwise than by payment of a dividend in shares of Common Stock) into a greater or lesser number of shares of Common Stock, then in each such case the amount set forth in the preceding sentence with respect to the exchange or change of shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall be adjusted by multiplying such amount by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event and the denominator of which is the number of shares of Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to such event.

Section 8. Amendment. While any Series Z Junior Preferred Stock is issued and outstanding, the Certificate of Incorporation shall not be amended in any manner, including in a merger or consolidation, which would alter, change or repeal the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series Z Junior Preferred Stock so as to affect them adversely without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series Z Junior Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class.

Section 9. Rank. The Series Z Junior Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to the payment of dividends and upon liquidation, dissolution and winding-up, junior to all other series of Preferred Stock, unless the terms of any such series shall provide otherwise, and shall rank senior to the Common Stock as to such matters.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Certificate of Designation is executed on behalf of the Corporation by its duly authorized officer this 3rd day of December, 2019.

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By:

Name: Gary L. Crocker
Title: President

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EXHIBIT B

EXHIBIT B

FORM OF RIGHT CERTIFICATE

Certificate No. R-_________ Rights

NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER THE FINAL EXPIRATION DATE (AS DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT) OR EARLIER IF REDEMPTION, EXCHANGE OR TERMINATION OCCURS OR AS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION AT $0.0001 PER RIGHT AND TO EXCHANGE ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR ANY ASSOCIATES OR AFFILIATES THEREOF OR ANY OTHER PERSON WITH WHOM SUCH PERSON IS ACTING IN CONCERT (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT), OR ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS, MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID.

RIGHT CERTIFICATE

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

This certifies that , or registered assigns, is the registered owner of the number of Rights set forth above, each of which entitles the owner thereof, subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”), dated as of December 3, 2019, between Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, as Rights Agent (or any successor rights agent) (the “Rights Agent”), as may be amended from time to time, to purchase from the Company at any time after the Distribution Date and prior to the Final Expiration Date or earlier under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement, at the offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, or at the office of its successor as Rights Agent, one one-thousandth of a fully paid non-assessable share of Series Z Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”), of the Company, at a purchase price of $18.00 per one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share (the “Purchase Price”), upon presentation and surrender of this Right Certificate with the Form of Election to Purchase properly completed and duly executed, accompanied by such documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request. The number of Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate (and the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share which may be purchased upon exercise hereof) set forth above, and the Purchase Price set forth above, are the number and Purchase Price as of December 3, 2019, based on the Preferred Shares as constituted at such date. As provided in the Rights Agreement, the Purchase Price and the number of one one-thousandths of a Preferred Share which may be purchased upon the exercise of the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are subject to modification and adjustment upon the happening of certain events.

From and after the occurrence of a Stock Acquisition Date, if the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, such Rights shall become void, and any holder of such Rights shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights.

Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Rights Agreement. This Right Certificate is subject to all of the terms, provisions and conditions of the Rights Agreement, which terms, provisions and conditions are incorporated herein by this reference and made a part hereof, and to which Rights Agreement reference is made for a full description of the rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities hereunder of the Rights Agent, the Company and the holders of the Right

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Certificates. Copies of the Rights Agreement are on file at the principal executive offices of the Company and the office of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose.

This Right Certificate, with or without other Right Certificates, upon surrender at the office or offices of the Rights Agent designated for such purpose, accompanied by such documentation as the Rights Agent may reasonably request, may be exchanged for another Right Certificate or Right Certificates of like tenor and date evidencing Rights entitling the holder to purchase a like aggregate number of Preferred Shares as the Rights evidenced by the Right Certificate or Right Certificates surrendered shall have entitled such holder to purchase. If this Right Certificate shall be exercised in part, the holder shall be entitled to receive upon surrender hereof another Right Certificate or Right Certificates for the number of whole Rights not exercised.

Subject to the provisions of the Rights Agreement, at the Company’s option, the Rights evidenced by this Certificate (i) may be redeemed by the Company at a redemption price of $0.0001 per Right or (ii) may be exchanged in whole or in part for shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, Preferred Shares, cash, debt securities or other assets, property or instruments.

No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued upon the exercise of any Right or Rights evidenced hereby (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), but in lieu thereof a cash payment will be made, as provided in the Rights Agreement.

From and after the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, if the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are beneficially owned by (i) an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, (ii) a transferee of any such Person described in clause (i), or (ii) under certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement, a transferee of any such Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such, such Rights shall become null and void without any further action and no holder hereof shall have any right with respect to such Rights from and after the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person.

In certain circumstances described in the Rights Agreement, the Rights evidenced hereby may entitle the registered holder thereof to purchase securities of an entity other than the Company or securities of the Company other than Preferred Stock or assets of the Company, all as provided in the Rights Agreement.

No holder of this Right Certificate, as such, shall be entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed for any purpose the holder of the Preferred Shares or of any other securities of the Company which may at any time be issuable on the exercise or exchange hereof, nor shall anything contained in the Rights Agreement or herein be construed to confer upon the holder hereof, as such, any of the rights of a stockholder of the Company or any right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders at any meeting thereof, or to give or withhold consent to any corporate action, or to receive notice of meetings or other actions affecting stockholders (except as provided in the Rights Agreement), or to receive dividends or subscription rights, or otherwise, until the Right or Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate shall have been exercised or exchanged as provided in the Rights Agreement.

This Right Certificate shall not be valid or obligatory for any purpose until it shall have been countersigned by the Rights Agent.

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WITNESS the facsimile signature of the proper officers of the Company and its corporate seal.

Date:

ATTEST:MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Name:By:

Title:

Name:

Title:

Countersigned:
COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A., as Rights Agent
By:

Name:
Title:

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[Form of Reverse Side of Right Certificate]

FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

(To be executed by the registered holder if such holder desires to transfer the Right Certificate.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto

(Please print name and address of transferee)

this Right Certificate, together with all right, title and interest therein, and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint , Attorney, to transfer the within Right Certificate on the books of the within-named Company, with full power of substitution.

Date: __________________

Signature

Signature Guaranteed:

Signatures must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (bank, stock broker or savings and loan association with membership in an approved said proposed amendmentsignature medallion program).

(To be completed if true)

The undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are not Beneficially Owned by, were not acquired by the undersigned from and are not being assigned to an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert.

Signature

NOTICE

In the event the certification set forth above is not completed in connection with a purported assignment, the Company will deem the Beneficial Owner of the Rights evidenced by the enclosed Right Certificate to be an Acquiring Person or a transferee of an Acquiring Person and accordingly will deem the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate to be null and void and not transferable or exercisable.

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[To be attached to each Right Certificate]

FORM OF ELECTION TO EXERCISE

(To be executed if holder desires to exercise the Right Certificate.)

TO MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.:

The undersigned hereby irrevocably elects to exercise Rights represented by this Right Certificate to purchase the Preferred Shares issuable upon the exercise of such Rights and requests that certificates for such Preferred Shares be issued in the name of:

Please insert Social Security or other identifying

number: .

Please print name and address:

.

If such number of Rights shall not be all the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate, a new Right Certificate for the balance remaining of such Rights shall be registered in the name of and delivered to:

Please insert Social Security or other identifying

number: .

Please print name and address:

.

Date: _______________ ____, ______

Signature

(Signature must conform to the holder specified on the Right Certificate)

Signature Guaranteed:

Signatures must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (bank, stock broker or savings and loan association with membership in an approved signature medallion program).

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(To be completed if true)

The undersigned hereby certifies that the Rights evidenced by this Right Certificate are not Beneficially Owned by, were not acquired by the undersigned from and are not being assigned to an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert.

Signature

NOTICE

In the event the certification set forth above is not completed in connection with a purported assignment, the Company will deem the Beneficial Owner of the Rights evidenced by the enclosed Right Certificate to be an Acquiring Person or a transferee of an Acquiring Person and accordingly will deem the Rights evidenced by such Right Certificate to be null and void and not transferable or exercisable.

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EXHIBIT C

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

SUMMARY OF RIGHTS TO PURCHASE

PREFERRED SHARES

UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE ACQUIRED OR BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON, AN ASSOCIATE OR AFFILIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR ANY PERSON WITH WHOM SUCH PERSON IS ACTING IN CONCERT (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE RIGHTS AGREEMENT), OR ANY SUBSEQUENT HOLDER OF SUCH RIGHTS, MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID.

On December 3, 2019, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) entered into a Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”), between the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company, as Rights Agent. Pursuant to the Rights Agreement, the Company will issue a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Shares”) payable on December 13, 2019 (the “Record Date”) to the stockholders of record on that date. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of Series Z Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”), of the Company, at a price of $18.00 per one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share represented by a Right (the “Purchase Price”), subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in the Rights Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this summary have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Rights Agreement.

Until the earlier of (i) the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following a public announcement that a Person or group of Affiliated or Associated Persons has acquired Beneficial Ownership of 4.9% or more of the outstanding Common Shares (an “Acquiring Person”) (or, in the event an exchange is effected in accordance with Section 24224 of the General Corporation LawRights Agreement and the Board determines that a later date is advisable, then such later date) or (ii) the close of business on the tenth business day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the StateBoard prior to such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of Delaware.  a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in the Beneficial Ownership by a Person or group of 4.9% or more of the outstanding Common Shares (the earlier of such dates described in clauses (i) and (ii), the “Distribution Date”), the Rights will be evidenced, with respect to any of the Common Share certificates outstanding as of the Record Date, by such Common Share certificate with a copy of this Summary of Rights attached thereto (unless such Rights are recorded in book entry).

A Person shall not be deemed to be an Acquiring Person if such Person, at the time of the first public announcement of the Rights Agreement, is a Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding (a “Grandfathered Stockholder”); provided, however, that if a Grandfathered Stockholder increases its Beneficial Ownership of the Common Shares of the Company as of any date on or after the date of the public announcement of this Agreement, then such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder unless, upon such acquisition of Beneficial Ownership of additional Common Shares of the Company, such Person is not then the Beneficial Owner of 4.9% or more of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding; provided,further, that upon the first decrease of a Grandfathered Stockholder’s Beneficial Ownership below 4.9% of the Common Shares of the Company then outstanding, such Grandfathered Stockholder shall no longer be deemed to be a Grandfathered Stockholder and this proviso shall have no further force or effect with respect to such Person.

In general, “Beneficial Ownership” shall include any securities such Person, or any of such Person’s Affiliates or Associates (i) would be deemed to actually or constructively own for purposes of Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, (to the extent ownership of such securities would be attributed to such Persons under Section 382 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder), or (ii) which are directly or indirectly beneficially owned by any other Person with whom such Person has any agreement,

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arrangement or understanding, whether or not in writing, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any securities of the Company or cooperating in obtaining, changing or influencing the control of the Company; provided, that the effect of such agreement, arrangement or understanding is to treat such Person as an “entity” under Section 1.382-3(a)(1) of the Department of Treasury regulations.

The resolution setting forthRights Agreement provides that, until the amendmentDistribution Date, the Rights will be transferred with and only with the Common Shares. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), new Common Share certificates issued after the Record Date or upon transfer or new issuance of Common Shares will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any certificates for Common Shares outstanding as of the Record Date, even without such notation or a copy of this Summary of Rights being attached thereto, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with the Common Shares represented by such certificate. As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights (“Right Certificates”) will be mailed to holders of record of the Common Shares as of the close of business on the Distribution Date, and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights (unless such Rights are recorded in book entry).

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will expire on the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on December 2, 2022, (ii) the close of business on the date that the Board determines that (A) the Rights Agreement is as follows:no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no longer be carried forward, (iii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed, (iv) the time at which the Rights are exchanged, and (v) if the Rights Agreement has not been approved by the stockholders prior to the conclusion of the Company’s 2020 annual meeting, the Close of Business on such date.

RESOLVED:

That the first three paragraphs of Article FOURTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation be and hereby are deleted in their entirety and the following is inserted in lieu thereof:

The Purchase Price payable, and the number of Preferred Shares or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the Rights is subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on the Preferred Shares payable in Preferred Shares or a subdivision or combination of the Preferred Shares, (ii) upon the grant to holders of the Preferred Shares of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Shares at a price, or securities convertible into Preferred Shares with a conversion price, less than the then current market price of the Preferred Shares, or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Shares of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends paid out of earnings or retained earnings or dividends payable in Preferred Shares) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above).

The number of outstanding Rights and the number of Preferred Shares issuable upon exercise of each Right are also subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split of the Common Shares or a stock dividend on the Common Shares payable in Common Shares or subdivisions, consolidations or combinations of the Common Shares occurring, in any such case, prior to the Distribution Date.

Preferred Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Rights will not be redeemable. Each Preferred Share will be entitled to a quarterly dividend payment of 1,000 multiplied by the dividend declared per Common Share. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Preferred Shares will be entitled to a payment per share equal to 1,000 multiplied by the aggregate payment made per Common Share. Each Preferred Share will have 1,000 votes, voting together with the Common Shares. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which Common Shares are exchanged, each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive 1,000 multiplied by the amount received per Common Share.

Because of the nature of the dividend, liquidation and voting rights of the Preferred Shares, the value of the one FOURTH:one-thousandth The totalof a Preferred Share purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one Common Share.

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From and after the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, if the Rights evidenced by a Right Certificate are or were acquired or Beneficially Owned by an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert, such Rights shall become void, and any holder of such Rights shall thereafter have no right to exercise such Rights.

If any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a Right, other than Rights Beneficially Owned by the Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of the Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert (all of which will thereafter be void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise that number of Common Shares having a market value of two times the Purchase Price of the Right. If the Board so elects, the Company shall deliver upon payment of the Purchase Price of a Right an amount of cash or securities equivalent in value to the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of a Right.

If, at any time after a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of its consolidated assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price of the Right, that number of shares of all classescommon stock of stockthe acquiring company which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the Purchase Price of the Right.

At any time after any Person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by any Person or group of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares, the Board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such Person or group which have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one Common Share per Right (subject to adjustment). The exchange of the Rights by the Board may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish.

With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in such Purchase Price. No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts), and in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the market price of the Preferred Shares on the last trading day prior to the date of exercise.

At any time prior to the time any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.0001 per Right (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.

The terms of the Rights may be amended by the Board without the consent of the holders of the Rights. However, from and after such time as any Person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Rights Agreement shall not be amended or supplemented in any manner which would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights (other than an Acquiring Person, an Associate or Affiliate of an Acquiring Person or any Person with whom such Person is Acting in Concert).

Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.

A copy of the Rights Agreement has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K. A copy of the Rights Agreement is available free of charge from the Company. This summary description of the Rights does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

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Annex B

FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECTION 382 RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This First Amendment to Section 382 Rights Agreement (the “First Amendment”) is made as of December 2, 2022 by and between MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (the “Company” and COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A. as Rights Agent (the “Rights Agent”), amending the Section 382 Rights Agreement by and between the Company and the Rights Agent dated December 3, 2022 (the “Original Rights Agreement”). Except as set forth herein, any defined terms contained herein have the meaning set forth in the Original Rights Agreement.

WHEREAS(a) the Company and certain of its Subsidiaries have generated certain Tax Benefits for United States federal and state income tax purposes, (b) the Company desires to avoid an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and similar state tax laws, and thereby preserve its ability to utilize such Tax Benefits, and (c) in furtherance of such objective, the Company and the Rights Agent entered into the Original Rights Agreement; and

WHEREAS the Company and the Rights Agent wish to amend the Original Rights Agreement to extend the term of the Original Rights Agreement through December 2, 2025;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Company and the Rights Agent agree as follows:

1.

The definition of “Final Expiration Date” is hereby amended to read as follows:

“(u) Final Expiration Date” means the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on December 2, 2025 or (ii) the Close of Business on the date that the Board determines that (A) this Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (B) the Tax Benefits have been fully utilized and may no longer be carried forward.

2.

The definition of “Early Termination Date” is hereby amended to read as follows:

(o) “Early Expiration Date” means, if Stockholder Approval has not been obtained by the Close of Business on the date on which the CorporationCompany’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders is concluded (or, if later, the date on which the votes of the stockholders of the Company with respect to such meeting are certified), the Close of Business on such date. For the avoidance of doubt, if Stockholder Approval is obtained then there shall have the authority to issue is 40,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 30,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”).”be no Early Expiration Date.

***



3.

Except as modified herein, all other terms and conditions set forth in the Original Rights Agreement are hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Rights Agent have entered into this Certificate ofFirst Amendment has been executed by a duly authorized officeras of the Corporation on this ____ day of ________, 2018.

MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, Inc.

By:

Richard Peters

President and Chief Executive Officerdate first written above.

 


COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

/s/ Rachel Fisher

/s/ Gary L. Crocker

Name: Rachel FisherName: Gary L. Crocker
Title: Sr. Contract Negotiation SpecialistTitle: President


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VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com UseMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM C123456789 000000000.000000 ext 000000000.000000 ext 000004 000000000.000000 ext 000000000.000000 ext ENDORSEMENT_LINE______________ SACKPACK_____________ 000000000.000000 ext 000000000.000000 ext MR A SAMPLE DESIGNATION (IF ANY) ADD 1 ADD 2 Your vote matters – here’s how to vote! ADD 3 ADD ADD 4 5 You may vote online or by phone instead of mailing this card. MMMMMMMMM ADD 6 Online Go to www.envisionreports.com/MACK or scan the Internet to transmitQR code — login details are located in the shaded bar below. Phone Call toll free 1-800-652-VOTE (8683) within the USA, US territories and Canada Save paper, time and money! Using a black ink pen, mark your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, the day before the meeting date. Have your proxy cardvotes with an X as shown in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.  ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS  If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To signthis example. Sign up for electronic delivery please followat Please do not write outside the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years.  VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903  Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m., Eastern time, the day before the meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.  VOTEdesignated areas. www.envisionreports.com/MACK 2023 Annual Meeting Proxy Card 1234 5678 9012 345 IF VOTING BY MAIL, Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.  MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.  ONE KENDALL SQUARE  SUITE B7201  CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139  E46392-P08670  For All  Withhold All  For All Except  To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark "For All Except" and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below.  MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.SIGN, DETACH AND RETURN THE BOTTOM PORTION IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE. A Proposals — The Board of Directors recommends yourecommend a vote FOR each director nominee:  !  !  !all the nominees listed and FOR Proposals 2 and 3. 1. Election of Directors  Nominees:  01) Richard Peters, M.D., Ph.D.  02) Directors: + For Against Abstain For Against Abstain For Against Abstain 01—Gary L. Crocker 03) George02—Eric D. Demetri, M.D. 04) John M. Dineen  05) Andersen 03—Noah G. Levy 04—Ulrik B. Nielsen, Ph.D. 06) James H. Quigley  07) Russell T. Ray05—Ana Radeljevic For Against Abstain The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following proposals: !  !  !For Against Abstain 2. To approve, on an advisory basis, our executive compensation.  !  !  !  3. To ratify the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopersMarcum LLP as our independent 3. To approve the First Amendment to Section 382 Rights registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending Agreement extending the term of the Section 382 Rights December 31, 2018.  !  !  !  4.2023. Agreement through December 2, 2025. B Authorized Signatures — This section must be completed for your vote to count. Please date and sign below. Please sign exactly as name(s) appears hereon. Joint owners should each sign. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, corporate officer, trustee, guardian, or custodian, please give full title. Date (mm/dd/yyyy) — Please print date below. Signature 1 — Please keep signature within the box. Signature 2 — Please keep signature within the box. C 1234567890 J N T MR A SAMPLE (THIS AREA IS SET UP TO ACCOMMODATE 140 CHARACTERS) MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND MMMMMMM1 U P X 5 7 5 5 3 4 MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND MR A SAMPLE AND + 03SXQB


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The 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. will be held on Tuesday, June 6, 2023 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern, virtually via the internet at www.meetnow.global/MLJULM9. To approveaccess the virtual meeting, you must have the information that is printed in the shaded bar located on the reverse side of this form. Important notice regarding the Internet availability of proxy materials for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The material is available at: www.envisionreports.com/MACK Small steps make an amendmentimpact. Help the environment by consenting to our certificatereceive electronic delivery, sign up at www.envisionreports.com/MACK IF VOTING BY MAIL, SIGN, DETACH AND RETURN THE BOTTOM PORTION IN THE ENCLOSED ENVELOPE. MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. + Notice of incorporation2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Proxy Solicited by Board of Directors for Annual Meeting — June 6, 2023 Gary L. Crocker and Tim Surgenor, or either of them, each with the power of substitution, are hereby authorized to increaserepresent and vote the number of authorized shares of common stock from 20,000,000the undersigned, with all the powers which the undersigned would possess if personally present, at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to 30,000,000.  NOTE: The proxiesbe held on June 6, 2023 or at any postponement or adjournment thereof. Shares represented by this proxy will be voted by the stockholder. If no such directions are indicated, the Proxies will have authority to vote FOR the election of all nominees listed for the Board of Directors and FOR items 2 and 3. In their discretion, the Proxies are authorized to vote in their discretion, upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.  Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer.


Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:The Notice, Proxy Statement and Annual Report to Stockholders are available at www.proxyvote.com. E46393-P08670 MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. Annual Meeting of Stockholders June 12, 2018 4:00 PM ET This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors The stockholder(s) hereby appoint(s) Richard Peters and Jean M. Franchi, or either of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his or her substitute, and hereby authorize(s) them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of common stock of MERRIMACK PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. that the stockholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholdersmeeting. (Items to be held at 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on June 12, 2018, at our headquarters at One Kendall Square, Suite B7201, Cambridge, MA 02139. The proxies are further authorized to vote, in their discretion, upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed herein. If no such direction is made, this proxy will be voted in accordance with the Board of Directors' recommendations. Continued and to be signedappear on reverse sideside) C Non-Voting Items Change of Address — Please print new address below. Comments — Please print your comments below. +